Foreigners and Strangers

גֵּר92 n.m. Ex 12:48 sojourner (Arabic جَارٌ, Ethiopic ግዩር, ጎር Aramaic ܓܝܻܘܽܪ, גִּיּוֹר, proselyte, גַּיֵּר proselytize, Ph. גר in n.pr., & pl. גרם)—גֵּר Gn 15:13 + 74 times; sf. גֵּרְךָ Ex 20:10 + 4 times, גֵּרוֹ Dt 1:16; pl. גֵּרִים Ex 22:20 + 9 times, גֵּירִים 2 Ch 2:16;— 1. sojourner, temporary dweller, new-comer (no inherited rights), cf. Ex 12:19 Lv 24:16 Nu 15:30 Jos 8:33 (opp. homeborn); of Abraham at Hebron Gn 23:4 (P; ‖ תּוֹשָׁב); Moses in desert Ex 2:22 (J) 18:3 (E; here explan. of name Gershom, Moses’ son); as claiming hospitality Jb 31:32; perhaps in above cases, and certainly in general, with technical sense; fig. of Yahweh Je 14:8; of Israel in Egypt Gn 15:13 Ex 22:20; 23:9 (all JE) Lv 19:34 (H) Dt 10:19; 23:8; גֵּרִים with Yahweh Lv 25:23 (H) 1 Ch 29:15 ψ 39:13 (in all ‖ תּוֹשָׁב) cf. 119:19. 2. usually of גֵּרִים in Israel 2 S 1:13 (Amalekite) cf. Jos 8:33, 35 (E) 20:9 (P) Is 14:1; dwellers in Israel with certain conceded, not inherited rights (cf. RSOTJC 434; 2nd ed. 342. n.; K 42; Sem 75 f. StaGesch. i. 400). The גֵּר is to share in Sabbath rest Ex 20:10; 23:12 (both JE) Dt 5:14; otherwise he is to have like obligations with Israel Ex 12:19, 48, 49 Lv 16:29 (all P) Lv 17:8, 10, 12, 13, 15; 18:26; 20:2; 22:18; 24:16, 22 (all H) Nu 9:14(×2); 15:14, 15(×2), 16, 26, 29, 30; 19:10; 35:15 (all P) Ez 14:7; similar rights Dt 1:16 Ez 14:22, 23; and like privileges Dt 16:11, 14; 26:11; 29:10; 31:12 cf. 2 Ch 30:25; very rarely any distinction made, in obligation Lv 25:47(×3) (H), in permissible food Dt 14:21; in future success Dt 28:43; kindness to גֵּר frequently enjoined: Lv 19:10 (‖ עָנִי), 23:22 (‖ id.) 19:34 (all H); Dt 10:18, 19; 14:29; 24:19, 20, 21; 26:12, 13 (all ‖ יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה); oppression prohibited Lv 19:33 (H) Dt 24:14; Ex 22:20; 23:9(×2) (JE) Dt 24:17; 27:19 Je 7:6; 22:3 Zc 7:10 (these eight ‖ יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה); obj. of care to י׳ ψ 146:9 (‖ id.); charge that גֵּר has been oppressed Ez 22:7 Mal 3:5 (both ‖ id.); also Ez 22:29 (‖ עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן), ψ 94:6; cf. also command that a poor brother be treated like גֵּר, i.e. kindly, Lv 25:35 (H). Latest conception somewhat different: גֵּר 1 Ch 22:2 2 Ch 2:16 (הַגֵּירִים) gathered for hard service; yet cf. 2 Ch 30:25. (Often c. verb. cogn. Ex 12:48, 49 Lv 16:29; 17:8, 10, 12, 13; 18:26; 19:33; 20:2 Nu 9:14; 15:14, 15, 16, 26, 29; 19:10 Jos 20:9 Ez 14:22, 23; often ‖ תּוֹשָׁב Gn 23:4 Lv 25:23, 35, 47 1 Ch 29:15 ψ 39:13).

† I. [זוּר] vb. be a stranger (Arabic زَارَ (med. و incline toward, repair to, visit; ii. honour as visitor or guest; ix. decline, turn aside; زَاىِٔرٌ visitor; Aramaic זוּר, often = Heb. סוּר turn aside, turn aside to visit)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. זֹר֫וּ ψ 58:4 (Köi 445), זָ֫רוּ ψ 78:30 Jb 19:13; Pt. זָר Ex 30:33 + 27 times; f. זָרָה Ex 30:9 + 7 times; mpl. זָרִים Ho 5:7 + 30 times; fpl. זָרוֹת Pr 22:14; 23:33; sf. זָרָ֑יִךְ Is 29:5; 1. Pf. become estranged ψ 58:4, c. מן from Jb 19:13 ψ 78:30. 2. Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger: a. to the family, of another household, אִישׁ זָר Dt 25:5, elsewhere זָר 1 K 3:18 Jb 19:15 Pr 6:1; 11:15; 20:16; 27:13; זָרִים ψ 109:11 Pr 5:10, 17; בנים זרים, children of another household than God’s Ho 5:7; especially of another family than priests’ אִישׁ זֶר Lv 22:12 (H) Nu 17:5 (P); זָר Lv 22:10, 13 (H) Ex 29:33; 30:33 Nu 3:10, 38; 18:7 (P); not belonging to the tribe of Levi, Nu 1:51; 18:4 (P). b. to the person, another Jb 19:27 Pr 14:10; 27:2; זָרָה (אִשָּׁה) strange woman, harlot Pr 2:16; 5:3, 20; 7:5; 22:14; 23:33. c. to the land, foreign, זָרִים foreigners (as such usually enemies) Ho 7:9; 8:7 Is 1:7(×2); 25:2, 5; 29:5; 61:5 Je 5:19; 30:8; 51:2, 51 La 5:2 Ez 7:21; 11:9; 16:32; 28:7, 10; 30:12; 31:12 Jo 4:17 Ob 11 Jb 15:19 ψ 54:5; אֵל זָר foreign god ψ 44:21; 81:10 = זָר Is 43:12; so זָרִים Dt 32:16 and (in fig.) Je 2:25; 3:13; מַיִם זָרִים foreign waters 2 K 19:24 Je 18:14; זְמֹרַת זָר Is 17:10 vine-slip of a stranger; כְּמוֹ־זָר נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ Ho 8:12 they are regarded as foreign; מַעֲשֵׂהוּ זָר Is 28:21 his work is foreign (as if dealing with enemies). d. strange to the law; קְטֹרֶת זָרָה strange incense Ex 30:9 (P); אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire Lv 10:1 Nu 3:4; 26:61 (P). Niph. Pf. נָזֹ֫רוּ Is 1:4 Ez 14:5; be estranged Is 1:4, pregn., sq. אָחוֹר (cf. RV); מֵעַל Ez 14:5. Hoph. Pt. מוּזָר estranged ψ 69:9.

† נָכְרִי adj. foreign, alien (NH נָכְרִי = Gentile);—נ׳ abs. m. Zp 1:8 +; f. נָכְרִיָּה Ex 2:22 +; mpl. נָכְרִים Is 2:6 + 2 times + Pr 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), + 27:13 (so read for MT נָכְרִיָּה); fpl. נָכְרִיּוֹת Gn 31:15 +;— 1. a. foreign: עַם נָכְרִי Ex 21:8 (E) a foreign (non-Isr.) people, אִישׁ נ׳ Dt 17:15 (‖ לֹא אָחִיךָ); מַלְבּוּשׁ נ׳ Zp 1:8; אֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה Ex 2:22 (J) foreign land, so 18:3 (E); especially נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign (non-Isr.) women 1 K 11:1, 8; Ezr 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 44; Ne 13:26, 27. b. as subst. נָכְרִי foreigner (non-Isr.) Ju 19:12 (+ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), 1 K 8:41 (+ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מֵעַמְּךָ), = 2 Ch 6:32 (+ id.), 1 K 8:43 = 2 Ch 6:33, Dt 14:21 (‖ גֵּר), 15:3; 23:21 (opp. אָחִיךָ), 29:21 (+ אֲשֶׁר יָבֹא מֵאֶרֶץ רְהוֹקָה); as predicate, 2 S 15:19 (‖ גֹּלָה), נָכְרִיָּה Ru 2:10; pl. נָכְרִים foreigners La 5:2 (‖ זָרִים), Ob 11 (‖ id.); cf. נָכְרִי" dir="rtl" >יַלְדֵי נָכְרִים Is 2:6; fpl. alien women Gn 31:15 (E; i.e. not of one’s father’s family). 2. נָכְרִיָּה foreign woman, as term. techn., in Pr, for harlot (perhaps because harlots were orig. chiefly foreigners): Pr 2:16 (‖ אִשָּׁה זָרָה), 7:5 (‖ id.), 5:20 (‖ זָרָה), 6:24 (‖ אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע), 23:27 (‖ זוֹנָה).—On 20:16; 27:13 v. infr. 3. fig. unknown, unfamiliar: נָכְרִי הָיִיתִי בְּעֵינֵיהֶם Jb 19:15 an alien am I become in their eyes; נ׳ לִבְנֵי אִמִּי ψ 69:9 (‖ מוּזָר הָיִיתִי לְאֶחָ֑י); אִישׁ נ׳ Ec 6:2; of י׳’s judgment, נָכְרִיָּה עֲבֹדָתוֹ Is 28:21 strange is his task! (‖ זָר מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); גֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Je 2:21 an alien vine (opp. זֶרַע אֱמֶת), fig. of degenerate Israel; as subst., נָכְרִים Pr 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), aliens, persons unknown to him (‖ זָר), so read also (for MT נָכְרִיָּה) ‖ 27:13; cf. 5:10; 27:2.

† נֵכָר n.[m.] that which is foreign, foreignness (on format. cf. LagBN 51, 154);—abs. נ׳ Ju 10:16 +, cstr. נֵכַר־ Dt 31:16;—foreignness (of another family, tribe, or nation), especially 1. אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)נֵּכָר = foreign gods Gn 35:2, 4; Jos 24:20, 23 (all E, = א׳ אֲחֵרִים of D, cf. אַחֵר), Ju 10:16; 1 S 7:3; Je 5:19; 2 Ch 33:15; א׳ נֵכַר־הָאָרֶץ Dt 31:16 = foreign gods of the land; sg. אֵל נֵכָר Dt 32:12; Mal 2:11 ψ 81:10; אֱלוֹהַּ נ׳ Dn 11:39. 2. בֶּן־(הַ)נֵּכָר = foreigner Gn 17:12 (‖ לֹא מִזַּרְעֲךָ), v 27 Ex 12:43 (all P), Lv 22:25 (H), Ez 44:9(×2) Ne 9:2; Is 56:3; בְּנֵי (ה)נ׳ 2 S 22:45, 46 = ψ 18:45, 46, Ez 44:7; Is 56:6; 60:10; 61:5; 62:8 ψ 144:7, 11. 3. other combin.: הַבְלֵי נ׳ Je 8:19 foreign vanities (idolatries); מִזְבְּחוֹת הַנּ׳ 2 Ch 14:2 foreign altars; אַדְמַת נ׳ ψ 137:4 foreign soil; מִכָּל־נ׳ Ne 13:30 from everything foreign.

ἀλλότριος, Aeolic dialect ἀλλότερρος Refs, α, ον, (ἄλλος) of or belonging to another, βίοτος, νηῦς, ἄχεα, Refs 8th c.BC+; γυνή another man's wife, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀλλοτρίων χαρίσασθαι to be bountiful of what is another's, Refs 8th c.BC+; γναθμοῖσι γελοίων ἀλλοτρίοισιν with faces unlike their own, of a forced, unnatural laugh, Refs; ἀ. ὄμμασιν εἷρπον by the help of another's eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἀ. ἄτην not inflicted by other hands, Refs; but ἀ. φόνος murder of a strangerRefs 5th c.BC+ reap where one has not sown, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλοτριωτάτοις τοῖς σώμασιν χρῆσθαι deal with one's body as if it belonged to another, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἀλλότρια, contraction τἀλλότρια, what belongs to others, not one's own, τἀ. ἀποστερεῖν, δειπνεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II opposed to οἰκεῖος, foreign, strange, __II.1 of persons, ἀ. φώς stranger, Refs 8th c.BC+; almost = enemy, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐδέ τις ἀλλοτρίων no stranger, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλοτριώτερος τῶνπαίδων less near than thy children, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλοτριώτερος, opposed to οἰκειότερος, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.1.b hostile, unfavourably disposed, with genitive, ἀ. ῬωμαίωνRefs 2nd c.BC+ __II.1.c disinclined, πρὸς τὰς κακοπαθείαςRefs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 of things, alien, strange, τροφήRefs 5th c.BC+; εἴ τι πρότερον γέγονεν ἀ. estrangement, Canon Laws texts cited in Refs 4th c.BC+alien country, enemy's country, Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, alien from, ἐπιτηδεύματα δημοκρατίας ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲν ἀ. ποιῶν τοῦ τρόπου Canon Laws texts cited in Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2.b in Medicine texts, abnormal, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἀ. σάρκες superfluous fat, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.c foreign to the purpose, λόγοιRefs 4th c.BC+: comparative, Refs: superlative, Refs __II.2.d Astrology texts, ={ἀπόστροφος}, Refs __III adverb ἀλλοτρίως, διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλας to be unfavourably disposed towards.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. ἔχειν πρός.. Refs: comparative -ιώτερον less favourably, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 strangely, marvellously, Refs __III.3 in a manner foreign to, with genitive, Refs 4th c.BC+

ξένος, ὁ, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect ξεῖνος (also frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+, used by Trag. for the sake of meter even in trimeter, mostly in vocative, Refs 5th c.BC+, Aeolic dialect ξέννος Refs; scanned ¯ ?~X and written ξεῖνος in Refs 3rd c.BC+. __I guest-friend, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 of parties giving or receiving hospitality, Refs 8th c.BC+; mostly of the guest, opposed to the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος Refs, etc.; ἁ ξείνα the visitor, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of guests at a club, opposed to σύνδειπνοι, Refs 2nd c.BC+: less frequently of the host, NT+8th c.BC+ __II stranger, especially wanderer, refugee (under the protection of Ζεὺς ξένιος), sometimes coupled with ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος Refs 8th c.BC+ __III generally, stranger, foreigner, opposed to ἔνδημος, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ἀστός, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐπιχώριος, Refs 5th c.BC+; with ἔπηλυς, Refs 2nd c.AD+; opposed to a member of the family, Refs 6th c.AD+ __III.b as a term of address to any stranger, ὦ ξένε Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 ={βάρβαρος}, at Sparta, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV hireling, Refs 8th c.BC+; especially mercenary soldier, Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely simply, ally, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B as adjective ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ξεῖνος, η, ον, foreign, not in Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently in later writers, ξείνα γαῖα Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί by foreign hands, Refs; ξ. δόμοι, πόλις, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; of alien property, ξ. ἄρουραι Refs 6th c.AD+ __B.II with genitive of things, strange to a thing, unacquainted with, ignorant of it, ξ. τοῦ λόγου NT+5th c.BC+ adverb ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως I am a stranger to the mode of speech, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III strange, unusual, λόγοι Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος NT.1Pet.4.12 NT: superlative, πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Refs 1st c.BC+ adverb ξένως, λαλεῖν Refs 1st c.BC+ __B.III.2 τοῦ πνεύματος.. ῥύσις ὡς -ωτάτη air as fresh as possible, Refs 5th c.BC+

† תּוֹשָׁב n.m. Lv 25:45 sojourner, only P (H) and late; abs. ת׳ Gn 23:4 + 6 times; cstr. תּוֹשַׁב Lv 22:10; sf. תּוֹשָֽׁבְךָ 25:6; pl. תּוֹשָׁבִים v 6 + 2 times; cstr. תֹּשָׁבֵי 1 K 17:1, but read תִּשְׁבֶּה (q.v.) 𝔊 Ew Th Hi;—sojourner, appar. of a more temporary and dependent (Lv 22:10; 25:6) kind than the גֵּר (with which it is often joined): ‖ שָׂכִיר Ex 12:45 (P), Lv 22:10 (ת׳ כֹּהֵן a priest’s sojourner), 25:6, 40 (all H); הַתּוֹשָׁבִים הַגָּרִים עִמָּכֶם v 45 (c. pt. גָּר also v 6); c. עִם, also Lv 25:47(×2) (H); c. בְּתוֹךְ Nu 35:15 (P). Fig. of one enjoying only a temporary tenure, c. עִם Gn 23:4, with י׳ Lv 25:23 ψ 39:13, c. לִפְנֵי 1 Ch 29:15.—1 K 17:1 v. supr.

ξεν-ίζω, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect ξεινίζω, future -ιῶ, later -ίσωRefsaorist ἐξείνισσα, ξείνισσα, -ισα (see. below): (ξένος):—receive or entertain as a guest, ξείνους Refs 8th c.BC+; ξείνισ᾽ ἐνὶ μεγάροισινRefs 5th c.BC+; ξ. τινὰ πολλοῖς ἀγαθοῖς to present with hospitable gifts, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑμᾶς ἐν πόλει ξενίσωμεν ὧν.. εἴχομεν with or on what we had, Refs 5th c.BC+ i.e. who fell not in battle, Refs 5th c.BC+: —passive, to be entertained as a guest, NT+5th c.BC+ __II surprise, astonish by some strange sight, ξενίζουσαν καὶ καταπληκτικὴν πρόσοψιν Refs 2nd c.BC+; ξ. τὴν ἀκοήν, of strange words, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ξ. [τὴν τῶν πολλῶν συνήθειαν] do violence to the ordinary use of language, Refs 6th c.AD+:—passive, to be astonished, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι NT+2nd c.BC+; to be puzzled, unable to comprehend, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of fresh leeches, to be unaccustomed to the skin, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 make strange, of plants and animals, i.e. stunt their growth and distort them, Refs; τῷ πλήθει ξενιζομένη ἡ φύσις being altered in character, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III intransitive, to be a stranger, speak with a foreign accent, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 to be strange or unusual, of diseases, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [נכר] vb.denom. act or treat as foreign, or strange; disguise, misconstrue;— Niph. Impf. יִנָּכֵר Pr 26:24 with his lips a hater disguiseth himself (dissembles, speaks what is foreign to his thought). Pi. Pf. נִכַּר 1 S 23:7, but v. infr.; Impf. וַיְנַכְּרוּ Je 19:4 and they have treated this place as foreign (profane); יְנַכְּרוּ צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27 lest their adversaries should misconstrue (it).—נִכַּר אֹתוֹ א׳ בְּיָדִי 1 S 23:7 God hath alienated him into my hand, but improbable; 𝔊 מָכַר (cf. Ju 4:9) hath sold him, so Th Klo HPS (cf. We); סִכַּר (as Is 19:4) Krochm Dr; Kit either of these; > סִגַּר Bu; Löhr either סִגַּר or סִכַּר. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְנַכֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם Gn 42:7 he acted as a stranger toward them; Pt. f. מִתְנַכֵּרָ֑ה 1 K 14:5, 6 feign to be a stranger-woman.

βάρβᾰρος, ον, barbarous, i.e. non-Greek, foreign, not in Refs 8th c.BC+; especially as substantive βάρβαροι, οἱ, originally all non-Greek-speaking peoples, then specially of the Medes and Persians, Refs 5th c.BC+; β. πόλεμον war with the barbarians, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ βάρβαρος (i.e. γῆ), opposed to αἱ Ἑλληνίδες πόλεις, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb -ρως, opposed to Ἑλληνικῶς,Refs 3rd c.AD+ __2 especially of language, φωνὴ β. Refs 5th c.BC+; συλλραφαίRefs 4th c.BC+; of birds, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, βαρβάρως, ὠνόμασται have foreign names, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 Grammars, of bad Greek, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ β., of style, opposed to Ἑλληνικόν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II after the Persian war, brutal, rude, ἀμαθὴς καὶ β. Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative -ώτεροςRefs 5th c.BC+ Eph.2.4: superlative, πάντων βαρβαρώτατος θεῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III used by Jews of Greeks, LXX __IV name for various plasters, Refs 1st c.BC+

πάροικος, ον, dwelling beside or near, neighbouring, with genitive, Κάδμου πάροικοι.. δόμων Refs 5th c.BC+; neighbour, οὐκ ἀσίνης π. Refs 7th c.BC+; Ἀττικὸς π., proverbial of a restless neighbour, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 π. πόλεμος war with neighbours, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II foreign, alien, LXX+NT: as substantive, sojourner in another's house, Refs 3rd c.AD+: generally, alien, stranger, LXX: in later Greek, ={μέτοικος}, Refs 3rd c.BC+; = colonus, Refs 4th c.AD+

προσήλυτ-ος, ον, one that has arrived at a place, stranger, sojourner, τῷ προσελθόντι προσηλύτῳLXX __II one who has come over to Judaism, convert, proselyte, NT+1st c.AD+

παρεπί-δημος, ον, sojourning in a strange place, especially as substantive, LXX+3rd c.BC+

παροικ-έω, dwell beside, with accusative, ἀπὸ Κνίδου μέχρι Σινώπης τὴν Ἀσίαν π. dwell along the coasts of Asia, Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative, live near, πόλει Refs 5th c.BC+; dwell among, τισι Refs 5th c.BC+; of places, lie near, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II live in a place as πάροικος, οἱ παροικοῦντες ξένοι Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὡς ἐπὶ ξένης Refs 1st c.AD+; sojourn in, Ἱερουσαλήμ NT __III metaphorically, τὸν ἀνθ ρώπινον βίον παρῳκηκότες Refs 1st c.BC+

παροικ-ία, ἡ, (πάροικος Refs sojourning in a foreign land, LXX+NT; οἱ ἐν τῇ π., ={οἱ ἐκτός}, Refs

ἀλλο-γενής, ές, of another race, LXX+NT+3rd c.AD+

ἀλλό-φῡλος, ον, (φυλή) of another tribe, foreign, LXX+5th c.BC+; in Egypt, settled in another nome, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἐς ἀλλόφυλον.. χθόναRefs 5th c.BC+alien to man, wild, Refs 1st c.BC+; πόλεμος ἀ. war with foreigners, Refs 1st c.AD+; opposed to ὁμόφυλος, Refs 4th c.BC+alien, not one's own, Refs 5th c.BC+

† II. [זוּר, זִיר] vb. be loathsome, Bö§ 1142 (Arabic ذَارَ fastidivit, abhorruit; Assyrian zâru, hate Impf. izîru, DlPr 65 SchrCOT Gloss)—only Qal 3 fs. זָ֫רָה Jb 19:17 רוּחִי זָ֫רָה לְאִשְׁתִּי my breath is loathsome to my wife (וְחַנֹּתִי לְ in ‖ cl.); > most, who derive from i. זוּר, become strange and so repugnant.

† [לָעַז] vb. talk indistinctly, unintelligibly (NH id., in deriv. (לַעַז foreign language, לָעוּז foreigner), also murmur, remonstrate; Syriac ܠܥܶܙ talk indistinctly; Arabic لَغَزَ distort; iv. talk obscurely, ambiguously);—only Qal Pt. עַם לֹעֵז ψ 114:1 a people talking unintelligibly (‖ מִצְרַיִם).