H5201 H5201
Keep, guard; to watch over a vineyard or maintain wrath -- preserving what is entrusted or harboring what should be released.
A poetic verb with two strikingly different applications of the same core meaning 'to keep.' In the Song of Solomon, the beloved laments that while she was made to 'keep' others' vineyards, her own she neglected (1:6) -- a tender image of custodial faithfulness. Yet in prophetic and legal texts, the same word describes holding onto anger: Nahum 1:2 declares that the LORD 'keeps wrath' against His enemies, and Leviticus 19:18 forbids bearing a grudge. The tension between these senses reveals a word about tenacious holding -- whether that grip is virtuous care or destructive resentment.
Senses
1. bear a grudge, maintain anger — To bear a grudge, maintain anger, or harbor wrath over time. Leviticus 19:18 commands 'you shall not keep (a grudge)' alongside the famous love-your-neighbor injunction. Jeremiah 3:5 and 3:12 ask whether God will 'keep anger forever,' while Nahum 1:2 affirms that the LORD 'keeps wrath' for His adversaries. Spanish 'guardarás rencor' and 'guardará enojo' use the same root 'guardar' (to keep/guard) applied to resentment, mirroring the Hebrew semantic link between guarding and grudge-bearing. 5×
AR["أَحْقِدُ","تَحْقِدُونَ","هَلْ-يَحْقِدُ","وَحَافِظٌ","يَحقِد"]·ben["এবং-তিনি-রাগ-রাখেন","কি-ধরে-রাখবে","ক্ষোভ-রাখবে","তিনি-ক্রোধ-ধরে-রাখবেন","রাগ-ধরব"]·DE["[אטור]","[הינטר]","[ונוטר]","tragen-Groll","wird-er-bewahren-sein-Zorn"]·EN["I-will-keep","Will-He-keep","and-keeping-wrath","bear-grudge","will-he-keep-his-anger"]·FR["[אטור]","[הינטר]","et-garder-rancune","garder-rancune","porter-rancune"]·heb["אטור","ה-ינטור","ו-נוטר","ייטור","תטר"]·HI["और-रखने-वाला","क्या-रखेगा","क्रोध-रखेगा","द्वेष-रखोगे","रखूंगा-क्रोध-मैं"]·ID["Aku-menyimpan-dendam","Apakah-Dia-menyimpan-dendam","Ia-menyimpan","dan-menyimpan-murka","kamu-menyimpan-dendam"]·IT["[אטור]","[הינטר]","[יטור]","e-serbare","portare-grudge"]·jav["Kawula-nyimpen-duka","Panjenenganipun-badhé-nyimpen-duka","lan-nyimpen","menapa-Panjenengan-nyimpen","ngigit-ati"]·KO["그리고-간직하시는","내가-진노하지","영원히","원망하지","원망할-것이다-너는"]·PT["Acaso-guardará","e-guarda-rancor","guardarei","guardará-ira","guardarás-rancor"]·RU["Разве-будет-хранить-гнев","будет-гневаться","буду-гневаться","и-хранящий","храни-злобу"]·ES["guardará-enojo","guardarás-rencor","guardaré-ira","y-guarda-rencor","¿Guardará"]·SW["je-atakasirika","kamwe","kasirika","na-anaweka-hasira","utaweka-kinyongo"]·TR["[soru]sonsuza-dek-tutar-mı","kin-tutacaksın","sonsuza-dek-tutacağım","ve-saklayan","öfke-tutacak"]·urd["اور-غصّہ-رکھنے-والا","رکھوں-گا","غصہ-رکھے-گا","کیا-رکھے-گا","کینہ-رکھو"]
2. keep, guard, watch over — To keep, guard, or watch over something entrusted to one's care, particularly vineyards. Song of Solomon 1:6 provides the memorable confession: 'they made me keeper of the vineyards, but my own vineyard I have not kept,' where the repeated verb creates a poignant contrast between duty to others and self-neglect. Song 8:11-12 uses the participial form for professional vineyard-keepers. Spanish 'guardadora' and French 'gardienne' both emphasize the faithful custodial role. 4×
AR["لِلْحُرَّاسِ","نَطَرْتِي","نُوطِيرَه"]·ben["-রক্ষকদের","-রক্ষকদের-জন্য","আমি-রাখিনি।","রক্ষিকা"]·DE["[לנטרים]","[נטרה]","[נטרתי]"]·EN["I-kept","keeper-of","to-the-keepers","to-the-keepers-of"]·FR["aux-gardiens","aux-gardiens;","gardienne","j'ai-gardée."]·heb["ל-נוטרים","נוטרה","נטרתי"]·HI["के-लिए-रखवालों","दाख-की-बारी","रखवाली","रखी-मैंने"]·ID["aku-jaga","bagi-para-penjaga","kepada-para-penjaga","penjaga"]·IT["Io-kept","al-a-il-keepers","keeper-of","per-a-il-keepers-of"]·jav["dhateng-para-panjagi","kangge-para-panjagi","kula-jagi","panjagi"]·KO["지켰네-내-가","지키는-자-로","지키는-자들-에게"]·PT["aos-guardas","aos-guardas-de","guardei","guardiã"]·RU["сторожам","сторожила.","сторожить"]·ES["a-los-guardas","guardadora-de","guardé","para-los-guardas-de"]·SW["kwa-walinzi","mlinzi","nimelilinda"]·TR["bekci","bekcilere","korudum"]·urd["میں-نے-نگہبانی-کی","نگہبان","نگہبانوں-کو","نگہبانوں-کے-لیے"]
Related Senses
H8104 1. Qal: keep, observe (law/covenant) (399×)G3101 1. disciple, learner (263×)H5647 1. worship, serve (God/deity) (203×)G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H5826 1. Qal: to help, aid (53×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [נָטַר] vb. keep (less common ‖ of נָצַר) (NH id.; 𝔗 נְטַר, Syriac ܢܛܰܪ id.; Nab. in n.pr. Lzb323 (cf. also infr.), Arabic نَطَرَ id. (obj. garden, etc.));— Qal Pf. 1 s. נָטָ֑רְתִּי Ct 1:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִטּוֹר ψ 103:9, יִנְטוֹר Je 3:5; read וַיִּטֹּר also Am 1:11 (for MT יִטְרֹף) Ol ψ 103:9 We Now GASm Dr; 2 ms. תִּטֹּר Lv 19:18; 1 s. אֶטּוֹר Je 3:12; Pt. act. נוֹטֵר Na 1:2; f. נֹטֵרָה Ct 1:6;…