Guarding and Keeping

I. שָׁמַר465 vb. keep, watch, preserve (NH id.; Ph. שמר in n.pr. and (Pun.) = watchman; TelAm. šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), WklNo. 80, 1, 23; Mand. סמירא preserved NöM 46; cf. Arabic سَمَرَ converse by night, stay awake (v. LagBN 105); BaNB 175 f.; ES 43 infers from ܬܶܡܪܳܐ eyelid (cf. [שְׁמֻרָה] infr.), and Arabicثَمَلَ support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Heb.; but proof insuff.);— Qal425 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 37:11 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמֹר 1 S 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָר־ Je 5:24 +, sf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Ex 21:29, 36; 3 fs. sf. תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Pr 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, v. Ges§ 47 g Toy), etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמֹר Jb 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה 1 Ch 29:18 +; mpl. שִׁמְרוּ Jos 6:18 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹר Dt 5:12 +; cstr. שְׁמֹר Gn 3:24 +, sf. שָׁמְרָהּ 2:15, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁמֵר 1 S 1:12 +, etc.; pass. שָׁמוּר Ec 5:12 (1 S 9:24 v. infr.), etc.;—[Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q.v.]: 1. a. keep, have charge of, garden Gn 2:15 (J), ark 1 S 7:1, property in trust Ex 22:6, 9 (E), cf. 1 S 25:21; tend flock Gn 30:31 (E), cf. Zc 3:7 Nu 3:8 (P); so perhaps (obj. om.) Ho 12:13 (where שׁ׳ chosen for parallelism Now Marti al.); Pt. הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Gn 4:9 (J), שׁ׳ of sheep 1 S 17:20, שׁ׳ הַכֵּלִים v 22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים 2 K 22:14 2 Ch 34:22, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Est 2:3, 8, 15, cf. v 14, etc. b. keep, guard, captives Jos 10:18 (J), 1 K 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Gn 3:24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל pers. over whom 1 S 26:15 (ψ 59:10 v. 3 end), עַל pers. v 16 Pr 6:22; בַּנַּעַר 2 S 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי 𝔊), cf. 2 K 9:14; in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) 2 S 11:16, עַל חַטָּאתִי Jb 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר c. 𝔊 Ew Di Du al. [not Hi Bu]); abs. c. מֵעַל Ec 5:7 watcheth above, etc. (v. p. 759 a d); keep one’s mouth, be prudent of speech †Pr 21:23, cf. Mi 7:5; keep = protect, save, one’s life, נֶפֶשׁ †Pr 13:3; 16:17; 19:16; 22:5, another’s Jb 2:6; in Pr, acc. pers., subj. wisdom, 4:6 she shall preserve thee, cf. (+ מִן of evil) 6:24; 7:5; especially Pt. watch, watchman, of city Is 21:11(×2), 12; 62:5 (fig.), Ct 3:3; 5:7(×2) ψ 127:1; שׁ׳ הַסַּף (in temple) Je 35:4 + (v. סַף), הַשּׁ׳ פֶּתַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 K 14:27 = 2 Ch 12:10, שׁ׳ הַשְּׁעָרִים Ne 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (fig.) Ec 12:3; שׁ׳ הַבַּיִת keep the house (of David’s concubines) †2 S 15:16; 16:21; 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים 1 S 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים 2 K 22:14, שׁ׳ הַפַּרְדֵּס Ne 2:8, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Est 2:3, 14, 15, שֹׁמְרִים abs. Ju 7:19 Je 51:12. c. hence watch for, wait for, acc. pers. 1 S 19:11 (to kill him), cf. ψ 59:1 (title; acc. הַבַּיִת); c. עֲקֵבַי ψ 56:7 = dog my steps, 71:10 Je 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Jb 10:14; 13:27; 33:11; abs. הַשֹּׁמְרִים Ju 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Jb 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר ψ 130:6(×2). d. watch, observe, acc. rei 1 S 1:12 Ec 11:4 Jb 39:1 Je 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Is 42:20 ψ 107:43; acc. pers. 37:37 (‖ ראה), Zc 11:11; acc. of sin ψ 31:7; 130:3; acc. rei, for the purpose of avoiding, 17:4. 2. a. keep, retain, of storing up (food) Gn 41:35 (E); abs. Ec 3:6 (opp. הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Gn 37:11 (E), cf. Mal 2:7 1 Ch 29:18 Pr 4:21 (בְּתוֹךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךָ), 22:18 (בְּבִטְנֶ֑ךָ); retain wrath Am 1:11 (read שָׁמַר לָנֶצַח We Now GASm Marti; v. also נָטַר 1) + (anger om.) Je 3:5 (‖ נטר). b. keep within bounds, restrain, obj. שׁוֹר Ex 21:29, 36 (E); c. acc. hand, מִן of evil Is 56:2; fig. keep thy foot, c. cl. temp. Ec. 4:17; אֶשׁ׳־לְפִי מַחְסוֹם ψ (39:2 𝔊 Du al. אָשִׂימָה); appar. reflex. (= Niph.), †Jos 6:18 (+ מִן־הַחֵרֶם), poss. sc. נַפְשְׁכֶם Di. 3. a. observe, celebrate, acc. of festival, etc., Ex 23:15 (E), 34:18 (J), 12:17, of day v 17 (P), of month Dt 16:1. b. keep sabbath †Dt 5:12 Lv 19:3, 30; 26:2 (all H), Ex 31:13, 14, 16 (P), Is 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֹ) v 2, 6. c. of other obligations: keep covenant Ez 17:14, especially covenant of י׳ Dt 29:8; 1 K 11:11 + 5 times, שְׁבֻעַת י׳ 1 K 2:43, perform vow Dt 23:24; keep commands Je 35:18; Ez 20:18; especially מִצְוֹת, חֻקִּים, עֲבֹדָה, etc., of י׳ (sometimes ‖ נצר), Ex 20:6 = Dt 5:10; Am 2:4; 1 K 2:3 ψ 119:8, 17, 34 + very often (c. 120 times); שׁ׳ דֶּרֶךְ י׳ Gn 18:19 (J) + 4 times, דַּרְכֵי י׳ 2 S 22:22 = ψ 18:22, ד׳ י׳ om. Ju 2:22b; שׁ׳ אָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים Pr 2:20 (‖ תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ טוֹבִים), שׁ׳ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) 8:32 (ψ 17:4 v. 1 d); keep, discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Nu 3:10; 18:7 (both P), abs. 2 Ch 5:11; a function or duty, especially שׁ׳ מִשְׁמֶרֶת Lv 8:35; Nu 1:53 + c. 32 times (v. מ׳ infr.); acc. of obligation often om., especially D (and RD) keep and do Dt 4:6; 7:12 + 8 times; to do 5:1, 29 + 16 times D + 3 times, etc. d. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Ho 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Is 56:1; Pr 4:4; 5:2; 7:1, 2; bad sense, observe vanities ψ 31:7.—Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר abs. Ho 4:10, very strange (conj. in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר 1 S 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, cf. Now BuComm.; ψ 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲוַמֵּ֑רָה (as v 18, 𝔖 Che Bae). 4. sometimes י׳ subj.: a. keep, preserve, protect, acc. pers., + ב of way, etc., Gn 28:15, 20 (J), Ex 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָךְ), ψ 91:11 (מ׳), Jos 24:17 (E); acc. pers. (or נפשׁ) only: 1 S 30:23; Je 31:9; Nu 6:24 (P), Jb 29:2 ψ 16:1 + 10 times ψψ; + מִן ψ 121:7 + 2 times; acc. רַגְלַי 1 S 2:9, cf. Pr 3:26 (מִן); Pt. שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ ψ 121:3, 5, cf. v 4, etc.; acc. of city 127:1. b. c. acc. בְּרִית, ל pers. Dt 7:12, + חֶסֶד v 7 + 5 times, הַשּׁ׳ אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם ψ 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Dt 7:8, etc.; pass. of covenant (י׳ agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה 2 S 23:5 (legal terminology, Dr). 5. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Je 5:24 (ל pers.). Niph.36 Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁמַר 2 S 20:10, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁמֵר Ju 13:13; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמִ֑רוּ Ex 23:13; Imv. ms. הִשָּׁמֵר Is 7:4 (לְךָ) הִשָּׁ֫מֶר Gn 24:6 +; fs. הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Ju 13:4, etc.;— 1. be on one’s guard, c. בַּחֶרֶב 2 S 20:10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; c. ב temp. 1 S 19:2, שָׁם 2 K 6:10; take heed Ex 23:13 (E) Dt 2:4; c. מִן pers. Ex 23:21 (E), Je 9:3; מִן rei Ju 13:13; Dt 23:10; מִן inf. take care not to, etc. Gn 31:29 (E), 2 K 6:9; inf. without מִן Ex 19:12 (J), but read prob. מֵעֲלוֹת; sq. פֶּן lest Gn 24:6 (J) + 11 times (especially Dt); c. (וְ)אַל juss. Ex 10:28 (J), Ju 13:4; Jb 36:21, c. Imv. coörd. Is 7:4.—Very often Imv. (24 times), especially in phr. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ (12 times), הִשָּׁמְרוּ לִכֶם (3 times); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Dt 4:15; Jos 23:11 (RD; + inf.); + בְּנַפ׳ Je 17:21 appar. ב pret. on peril of your life (cf. ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Mal 2:15, 16 (We Now). †2. keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה 1 S 21:5. †3. be kept, guarded, Ho 12:14 (cf. שׁ׳ of Jacob v 13); be preserved (by י׳) ψ 37:28 (לִעוֹלָם), but read prob. נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ (לְעוֹלָם) עַוָּלִים Hup-Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr. †Pi. Pt. pl. מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵי־שָׁוְא Jon 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (cf. Qal ψ 31:7). †Hithp. Impf. 1 s. וָאֶשְׁתַּמֵּר מֵעֲוֹנִי ψ 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = 2 S 22:24 (vb. cohort.); 3 ms. וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Mi 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.

τηρ-έω (τη- also in Doric dialect, Refs 7th c.BC+, perfect τετήρηκα Refs 4th c.BC+:—watch over, take care of, guard, δώματα Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely of persons, δαιμόνων.., αἵτινες τηροῦμεν ὑμᾶς Refs 5th c.BC+; τ. τὴν ἀρχήν maintain it, Refs 2nd c.BC+ —passive, τὸ ἔξωθεν [τεῖχος] ἐτηρεῖτο was constantly guarded, Refs 5th c.BC+future middle τηρήσομαι in passive sense, Refs __2 τ. ὅπως.. ἔσται take care that.. , Refs 4th c.BC+; τ. μὴ.. cavere ne.. , Refs 5th c.BC+: also in middle, τηρώμεσθ᾽, ὅπως μὴ.. αἰσθήσεται Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 τηρεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρός protect them from the fire, i.e. cook them slowly, Bilabel Ὀψαρτ.Refs __II give heed to, watch narrowly, observe, τηρῶ αὐτοὺς οὐδὲ δοκῶν ὁρᾶν κλέπτοντας Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 watch for a person or thing, with a participle, παραστείχοντα τηρήσας Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔνδον ὄντα τηρήσαντες αὐτόν having watched for his being within, Refs 5th c.BC+; τ. τὸν πορθμὸν κατιόντος τοῦ ἀνέμου watching for a crossing with the wind blowing down, Refs; τ. τινὰ ἀνιόντα watch for one's coming up, Refs 5th c.BC+; νύκτα καὶ ὕδωρ, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὴν θήραν τ. Refs —passive, ὁ καιρὸς ἐτηρήθη was watched for, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 absolutely, watch, keep watch, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, watch or look out, so as to.., ἐτήρουν ἀνέμῳ καταφέρεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 observe, notice, [μετακόσμησιν σωμάτων] Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.5 test by observation or trial, τετηρημένον βοήθημα an approved method of treatment, Refs 2nd c.AD+; as Empiric term, τετηρημένης ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῖς τῆς θεραπείας, οὐκ ἐνδεικτικῶς εὑρισκομένης Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III observe or keep an engagement, ὅρκους NT+5th c.BC+ __III.2 preserve, retain, τὰς αἰσθήσεις uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+

† I. [נָצַר] vb. watch, guard, keep (NH id., observe; Assyrian naṣâru, watch over, protect; Old Aramaic נצר protect Lzb 325 Cook 83; Palm. in n.pr. Vog 150, 4 Cook 124; Aramaic נְטַר, ܢܛܰܪ (cf. Wetzst in De Job (2) on 27:18); Arabic نَظَرَ look at, consider, examine (نَاطُورٌ, overseer is Aramaic loan-word Frä 138); Sab. להנצרהמו to aid them Hal Rev. Sém. iv (1896), 71; Ethiopic ነጸረ spectare, intueri, etc., Di701;—cf. also נטר);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. sf. נְצָרָ֫תַם ψ 119:129; 1 s. נָצָ֑רְתִּי ψ 119:22, 56, 100; 3 mpl. נָֽצְרוּ Pr 22:12; Impf. יִצֹּר Pr 3:1; sf. יִצְּרֶ֫נְהוּ (Ges§ 58, 4 R.) Dt 32:10; m. sf. תִּנְצְרֶ֑כָּה Pr 2:11 (Ges§ 58, 4 R.); 1 s. אֶצֹּר ψ 119:69; אֶצְּרָה ψ 119:34, 115; אֶצֹּ֑רָה ψ 119:145; sf. אֶצָּרְךָ Is 42:6; 49:8 (Ges Bö Ew al. from יצר); אֶצֳּרֶ֑נָּה Is 27:3; 3 mpl. יִצְּרוּ Pr 20:28; יִנְצֹ֑רוּ Dt 33:9 (on forms v. Ges§ 66, 2, R. 1) + 15 times Impf.; Imv. נְצֹר ψ 34:14 + 3 times; נִצְּרָה ψ 141:3 (d. f. dirim. Ges§ 20, 2 b); sf. נִצְּרֶ֑הָ Pr 4:13; Inf. abs. נָצוֹר Na 2:2; cstr. נְצֹר Pr 2:8; Pt. נוֹצֵר; Pr 28:7; נֹצֵר Ex 34:7 + 7 times; sf. נֹצְרָהּ Is 27:3; pl. נוֹצְרִים 2 K 17:9; 18:8, etc.; pass. נָצוּר Ez 6:12; pl. נְצוּרִים Is 65:4 (𝔊 ἐν τοῖς σπηλαίοις, בַּמְּעָרוֹת); cstr. נְצוּרֵי (Kt נְצִירֵי only here) Is 49:6; f. נְצוּרָה Is 1:8 (Di reads נְצוֹרָה Niph. Pt. √ צוּר); cstr. נְצֻרַת Pr 7:10; pl. נְצֻרוֹת Is 48:6 (Che reads בְּצֻרוֹת). 1. Watch, guard, keep, a vineyard Jb 27:18 (cf. Wetzst in De Job (2)ad loc.), Is 27:3(×2), fig-tree Pr 27:18, fortification Na 2:2; נֹצְרִים watchmen Je 31:6; מִגְדַּל נ׳ tower of watchmen 2 K 17:9; 18:8; in ethical sense of men, guarding the mouth Pr 13:3, the way Pr 16:17, לֵב Pr 4:23; the tongue מֵרַע ψ 34:14; c. על, over the door of the lips ψ 141:3; of God נֹצֵר הָאָדָם Jb 7:20 (thou) watcher of men (iron.). 2. Guard from dangers, preserve, c. acc. subj. God or his attributes Dt 32:10 ψ 25:21; 31:24; 40:12; 61:8; Is 26:3; 42:6; 49:8 Pr 2:8; 20:28; 22:12; נֹצֵר נֶפֶשׁ Pr 24:12; c. acc. and מן from which ψ 12:8; 32:7; 64:2; 140:2, 5. In Wisd. Lit. subj. is abstr.: חכמה Pr 4:6; תבונה Pr 2:11; צדקה Pr 13:6; נְצוּרֵי ישׂראל Is 49:6 preserved of Israel. 3. Guard with fidelity, keep, observe: of י׳, נֹצֵר חֶסֶד לאלפים Ex 34:7 (J); elsewhere of man observing the covenant Dt 33:9 (poem) ψ 25:10, the divine law ψ 78:7; 105:45; 119:2, 22, 33, 34, 56, 69, 100, 115, 129, 145; commands of parents Pr 6:20; 28:7; and discipline of Wisdom Pr 3:1, 21; 4:13; 5:2. 4. Guard, keep secret, dub.: נְצֻרוֹת secret things Is 48:6; נְצוּרִים secret places Is 65:4 (see forms above); נְצֻרַת לֵב secret, wily minded Pr 7:10 (of harlot, so RVm close, i.e. secretive). 5. Kept close, blockaded, dub.: הַנָּצוּר the blockaded (so Ew Hi Co Toy; but Ke Bth Kau preserved; Hi Co Bth Toy del. והנשׁאר) Ez 6:12; עִיר נְצוּרָה blockaded city Is 1:8 (see form above); נֹצְרִים blockaders Je 4:16 (but 𝔊 συστροφαί = צררים i.e. foes).

φῠλάσσω, Attic dialect φυλάττω, Epic dialect infinitive φυλασσέμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+; poetry imperfect φύλασσε Refs 5th c.BC+: future φυλάξω Refs 8th c.BC+aorist ἐφύλαξα, Epic dialect φύλ- Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect πεφύλᾰχα LXX+5th c.BC+:—middle, future -άξομαιRefs 5th c.BC+; also in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐφυλαξάμην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future -αχθήσομαιRefs 1st c.BC+: aorist ἐφυλάχθην Refs 2nd c.AD+: perfect πεφύλαγμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; imperative, only in middle sense in early writers, πεφύλαξο Refs 8th c.BC+; participle, Refs 8th c.BC+ __A absolutely, keep watch and ward, keep guard, especially by night, ἀνίη καὶ τὸ φυλάσσειν πάννυχον ἐγρήσσοντα Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰ μέν κ᾽ ἐν ποταμῷ δυσκηδέα νύκτα φυλάσσω Refs 8th c.BC+; (middle, see below c); σὺν κυσὶ.. φυλάσσοντας περὶ μῆλα Refs 8th c.BC+; φ. τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις keep watch for.., Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἕως.. watch or wait till.., Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. πηνίκα.. NT+5th c.BC+ __A.2 to be on one's guard, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B transitive, watch, guard, defend, ἀθανάτων ὅστις σε φυλάσσει Refs 8th c.BC+; σύας, μῆλα, Refs 8th c.BC+; φ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τῶν δυσχωριῶν guard one from.. Refs 5th c.BC+ keep away from.., Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, τοὐμὸν φυλάξει ὀ ὄνομα μὴ πάσχειν κακῶς Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by a relative clause, φ. ἑαυτὸν ὅπως μὴ ἀδικήσει Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. τινά, εἰ.. Refs:—passive, to be watched, kept under guard, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 watch for, lie in wait or ambush for, αὐτὸν ἰόντα λοχήσομαι ἠδὲ φυλάξω ἐν πορθμῷ Ἰθάκης Refs 8th c.BC+; φ. τὸ σύμβολον look out for the signal-fire, Refs 5th c.BC+; keep a watch on, [τινα] Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2.b especially watch, wait for, observe an appointed time or a fixed event, τὴν κνρίην τῶν ἡμερέων Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλάξαντες νύκτα wait for night, Refs 5th c.BC+: with a participle added, δείλην ὀψίην γινομένην φυλάξαντες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀριστοποιουμένους φ. τοὺς στρατιώτας __D Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.3 metaphorically, preserve, maintain, cherish, [χόλον] Refs 8th c.BC+; φ. ἔπος observe a command,Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγον πρός τινα Refs 3rd c.AD+; φ. σιγήν Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ γὰρ ἀπειλὰς ὑμετέρας ἐφύλαξα I regarded not your threats, Refs 3rd c.BC+; φ. σκαιοσύναν cling to it, foster it, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. τὸν θυμόνRefs 5th c.BC+; τἀγαθά, opposed to κτήσασθαι, Refs 4th c.BC+: with a predicate added, φ. τινά δεδεμένον Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ὅσος παρ᾽ ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάττεται is fostered by.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.4 keep in a place, continue in, τόδε δῶμα φυλάσσοις, ἀθάνατός τ᾽ εἴης Refs 8th c.BC+ __D.5 notice, observe, Ath. [prev. cited] __D.6 maintain, hold fast to a view, τινὰ σπουδαῖον εἶναι Refs 3rd c.AD+ __D.7 with accusative, beware of, avoid, ἅπαντα ταῦτα φυλάττειν κελεύει Refs 2nd c.AD+ __D.8 φ. μὴ with subjunctive, take care lest.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἐμὲ καὶ τηρεῖν ὅπως μή.. Refs 4th c.BC+ __D.9 middle, φυλάξασθε τοῦ ἀγαπᾶν Κύριον be careful to.., LXX __C middle, __C.I absolutely, to be on one's guard, keep watch, Refs 8th c.BC+ only in participle, νύκτα φυλασσομένοισι Refs 8th c.BC+; πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι to be cautious, prudent,Refs 5th c.BC+with caution, Refs __C.I.2 with accusative, keep a thing by one, bear it in mind or memory, Refs 8th c.BC+; more fully, ἐν θυμῷ δ᾽ εὖ πάντα φυλάσσεοRefs 5th c.BC+ __C.I.3 guard, keep safe, καὶ κεφαλὴν πεφύλαξο Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.I.4 with genitive, φυλάσσεσθαι τῶν νεῶν μὴ ξυντρίψωσιν act cautiously with regard to the ships, Refs 5th c.BC+; beware of, τῶν εὖ φύλαξαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.II φυλάσσεσθαί τι or τινα to beware of, be on one's guard against, avoid a thing or person, Refs 7th c.BC+; τινας Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.II.b ἐφυλαξάμην διαλέκτους I put in as a precaution 'except in dialects', Refs __C.II.2 φ. πρός τι Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.II.3 with infinitive, φυλάξομαι δὲ τάσδε μεμνῆσθαι.. ἐφετμάς Refs 5th c.BC+; but also without μή, ἵνα.. τις ὕστερον φυλάσσηται ἐπὶ γῆν τὴν σὴν στρατεύεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.II.4 φ. μή followed by subjunctive, take care lest.., τούτου φυλάσσου μή ποτ᾽ ἀχθεσθῇ κέαρ Refs 5th c.BC+; so φ. ὅπως μή.. Refs 5th c.BC+

† [נָטַר] vb. keep (less common ‖ of נָצַר) (NH id.; 𝔗 נְטַר, Syriac ܢܛܰܪ id.; Nab. in n.pr. Lzb323 (cf. also infr.), Arabic نَطَرَ id. (obj. garden, etc.));— Qal Pf. 1 s. נָטָ֑רְתִּי Ct 1:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִטּוֹר ψ 103:9, יִנְטוֹר Je 3:5; read וַיִּטֹּר also Am 1:11 (for MT יִטְרֹף) Ol ψ 103:9 We Now GASm Dr; 2 ms. תִּטֹּר Lv 19:18; 1 s. אֶטּוֹר Je 3:12; Pt. act. נוֹטֵר Na 1:2; f. נֹטֵרָה Ct 1:6; mpl. נֹטְרִים Ct 8:11, 12;— 1. keep, maintain (sc. wrath), of י׳, Je 3:5, 12 Na 1:2 (c. לְ for), ψ 103:9; of Edom Am 1:11 (reading וַיִּטֹּר לָעַד אַפּוֹ and he kept his anger perpetually, v. supr.), Lv 19:18 (c. את with). 2. keep, guard a vineyard Ct 1:6(×2) (in fig.), abs. 8:11, obj. פִּרְיוֹ v 12.

† [גָּנַן] vb. cover, surround, defend (Arabic جَنَّ, Aramaic אַגֵּן (Aph.), Palm. אגן VogPalm. 132 ff.)— Qal Pf. וְגַנּוֹתִי Is 37:35 + 3 times; Inf. abs. גָּנוֹן Is 31:5 (c. Hiph. q.v.)—defend, subj. always י׳; obj. the city Jerusalem c. על Is 37:35; 38:6 = 2 K 20:6; 2 K 19:34 c. אֶל־ (‖ הוֹשִׁיעַ). Hiph. Impf.—or Qal according to BaZMG 1889, 178, who comp. Arabic يَجِنُّ —יָגֵן Is 31:5 + 2 times—defend (= Qal), Jerusalem Is 31:5 יגן … גָּנוֹן c. על (‖ הִצִּיל); obj. Yahweh’s people Zc 9:15 c. על, 12:8 c. בְּעַד.

δόκῐμ-ος, ον (Doric dialect α, ον Refs, (δέχομαι) acceptable: hence, __1 of persons, trustworthy, Refs 1st c.AD+; approved, esteemed, Refs 5th c.BC+; δοκιμώτατος Ἑλλάδι most approved by Hellas, her noblest son, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, of approved ability to do.., δόκιμος δ᾽ οὔτις.. εἴργειν Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 of things, excellent, τὸ ἔαρ -ώτατον Refs 5th c.BC+; notable, considerable, ποταμός Refs; approved, κριθὰ καθαρὰ δ. Refs; δ. ἀργύριον legal tender, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὕμνος acceptable, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 adverb -μως really, genuinely, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀσφᾰλίζω Refs 2nd c.BC+:—mostly in middle, future -ιοῦμαιRefs 1st c.AD+ but -ίσομαι Refs 1st c.BC+: perfect ἠσφάλισμαιRefs 2nd c.BC+pluperfect ἠσφάλιστοRefs: aorist ἠσφαλισάμηνRefs 1st c.AD+: some of these tenses are used in passive sense (see. below):—fortify, τὸν τόπονRefs 2nd c.BC+:—passive, NT __b secure, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 more frequently in middle, secure, ἑαυτόνRefs 4th c.BC+; τὰς εἰσβολάς, τὴν χώραν, etc., Refs 2nd c.BC+; shut up, close, πύληνLXX; ὀφθαλμοὶ ἠσφαλισμένοι, opposed to ἀνεῳγμένοι, Refs; τοὺς πόδας ἠσφαλίσατο εἰς τὸ ξύλον made them fast, NT __3 secure the person of, arrest, τινάRefs 1st c.BC+; seize, τὰ γενήματα Refs 2nd c.BC+ __4 middle, certify, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II middle, secure oneself against, ward off, τὰς καταφορὰς τῶν μαχαιρῶνRefs 2nd c.BC+: absolutely, safeguard oneself, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 metaphorically in Rhet., safeguard a risky metaphor, ἀ. τὰς μεταφοράςRefs 4th c.BC+ — passive, λέξις ἠσφαλισμένη τοῖς συνδέσμοιςRefs

φρουρ-έω, poetical imperfect φρούρουν Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ήσωRefs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐφρούρησα Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, future -ήσομαι in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, aorist ἐφρουρήθηνRefs: perfect πεφρούρημαι Refs 5th c.BC+: (φρουρός):—keep watch or guard, ἐν Ἐλεφαντίνῃ Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; of ships, φ. περὶ Ναύπακτον or ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἐπί τινι to keep watch over.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ φρουροῦντες the guardians, Refs 5th c.BC+; proverbial, ἐν παντὶ.. σκορπίος φ. λίθῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; generally, 'keep a sharp look-out', Refs __II transitive, watch, guard, τὴν χώρην Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν Ποτείδαιαν φ. garrison it, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακαῖσι φ. σῶμ᾽ Ὀδυσσέως set a watch over.. Refs 5th c.BC+ keep watch over it, of Prometheus, Refs 4th c.BC+; στόμα εὔφημον φρουρεῖν ἀγαθόν keep silence, NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, to be watched or guarded, Refs 5th c.BC+: of the watch kept by besiegers, κύκλῳ φρουρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων πολεμίων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b hold in subjection, opposed to παραφυλάττειν, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.c Astrology texts, occupy, in passive, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.d bind, ἁλύσεσι πεφρουρημένος Refs __II.2 watch for, observe, φρουρῶν τόδ᾽ ἦμαρ Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. χρέος to be observant of one's duty, Refs __III middle, to be on one's guard against, beware of, with accusative, φρουρούμενος βέλεμνα Refs 5th c.BC+:—active also in the same sense, ἐφρούρει μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνειν Refs; φ. ὅπως or ὅπως ἂν.., with subjunctive, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. μή.., with subjunctive, Refs

ἐπιμελ-έομαι, also ἐπιμελ-μέλομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; the contraction form prevails in codices, e.g.Refs 4th c.BC+, and is required by the metre in Refs: future ἐπιμελήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; -μεληθήσομαι variant in Refs (Doric dialect 3rd.person etc for 1st.person, 2nd.person singular -θησεῖ Refs: aorist ἐπεμελήθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἐπιμεμέλημαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.41: active only in Refs:—take care of, have charge or management of, rare in Poets, as Refs 5th c.BC+; [ὑπὲρ] τῆς στρατηγίας Refs 5th c.BC+: c.accusative et infinitive, take care that.. , Refs: c.genitive et infinitive, Refs with indicative future or subjunctive aorist, Foed. cited in Refs: with optative after an aorist, Refs; by ὅπως c.infinitive, Refs; by ὡς with optative (after past tenses), Refs; also ἐ. τινὸς ὅπως ἔσται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 2d; by ἵνα c.subjunctive, Refs 2nd c.BC+: with neuter adjective in accusative, take care with respect to a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative cognate, ἐ. πᾶσαν ἐπιμέλειαν Refs: absolutely, give heed, attend, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2. of public commissions, have charge of, be inspector or curator of, τῶν μοριῶν ἐλαῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁδῶν (of the Roman cura viarum) Refs —in _Attic dialect_ Inscrr., ἐπιμεληθῆναι (_infinitive_ = _imperative_) is usual of a definite commission, ποιήσεως “IG” 22.555, etc. (so -ηθέντωνRefs __3. to be engaged in, cultivate any pursuit, art, etc., δυοῖν τέχναιν Refs 5th c.BC+

παρα-θήκη, ἡ, anything entrusted to one. deposit, LXX+5th c.BC+; of persons, hostage, Refs 5th c.BC+

συντηρ-έω, keep or preserve closely, ἑαυτὸν ἀδωροδόκητονLXX; σ. [τὴν γνώμην] παρ᾽ ἑαυτῇ keep it close, NT+2nd c.BC+ __2 preserve, maintain, of grants or privileges, Refs 2nd c.BC+:—passive, Refs; ἀμφότεροι -οῦνται (i.e. ὅ τε οἶνος καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί) NT __3 observe strictly, τὸ τῆς φύσεως τέλος Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ νόμιμαLXX+3rd c.BC+; τήν τε φιλίαν καὶ τὴν συμμαχίαν Refs 2nd c.BC+; σ. τὸ διάστημα keep distance, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4 watch one's opportunity, συντηροῦντα παίειν Refs 1st c.AD+ __5 watch over, protect, τοῖς φυλακίταις (i.e. συντάξαι) συντηρῆσαι τὰ.. γενήματα Refs 1st c.BC+

διατηρ-έω, Boeotian dialect δια-τᾱρέω Refs 2nd c.BC+, but Doric dialect δια-τηρέω Refs:— watch closely, observe, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 maintain, τὴν ἐλευθερίαν Decrees cited in Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle, -εῖται τὸν καιρόν observes,Refs:—passive, ὅταν διατηρηθῶσιν οἱ νόμοι τῇ πόλει Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 with predicates, βοῦς ἐννέα ἔτη δ. ἀνοχεύτους Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 δ. ἑαυτὸν ἔκ τινος keep oneself from.., NT

διαφῠλάσσω, Attic dialect διαφυλάττω, Cretan dialect διαφυλάδδω (written διαφυλάδω), Refs:— watch closely, guard carefully, τὰ τείχεα, τὴν πόλιν, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of providential care, LXX+2nd c.AD+, etc.:—middle, guard for oneself, πόλιν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 observe closely, τὰ μέτρα Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 observe, maintain, τοὺς νόμους Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰρήνην Philipp. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. τὸ μὴ σπουδάζειν guard against being too particular.., Refs 5th c.BC+; πλῆθος δ. ὅτι μάλιστα ταὐτὸν αὑτῶν εἶναι take care that.., Refs __4 remember, retain, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐπιμέλ-εια, ἡ, written -εα “IG” 22.483.24 Refs 4th c.BC+; Ionic dialectgenitive -λίης Ps.-Refs 5th c.BC+: —care bestowed upon a thing, attention paid to it, and absolutely, attention, diligence, Prose word, once in Refs 5th c.BC+: in plural, pains, Refs 5th c.BC+ (hence, of medical treatment, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐπιμέλειάν τινος ποιεῖσθαι, ἔχειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐπιμελείας τυγχάνειν to have attention paid to one, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἐ. παρὰ τοῦ δαιμονίου 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “Epitaphius” 43; δι᾽ ἐπιμελείας ἔχειν τινά 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.14; ἐπιμελείᾳ, κατ᾽ ἐπιμέλειαν, with diligence, Refs 5th c.BC+; μετὰ πάσης ἐ. Refs __2. a commission or charge, Refs; ἡ τῶν ἐφήβων ἐ., a special office at Athens, Refs; so πρὸς τῇ ἐ. τῶν χρηματιστῶν, ={ἐπιμελητὴς τῶν χρ}., Refs 1st c.AD+ __3. any employment or pursuit, interpolated in Refs pursuits which demand zeal, Refs

φῠλᾰκ-τήριον, τό, guarded post, fort, castle, Refs 5th c.BC+: especially an outpost communicating with fortifications, Refs 5th c.BC+: plural, guardrooms, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 safeguard, security, Refs 5th c.BC+: preservative, Refs 4th c.BC+; amulet, Refs 1st c.AD+; among the Jews φυλακτήρια were small rolls of parchment with texts from the Law written on them, bound to the forehead by persons praying, NT; φ. χρυσᾶ, symbols denoting the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt, Refs 2nd c.BC+; amulet, Refs __3 perhaps guard or chain, PLond.unpublished2199.

† [נְטַר] vb. keep (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH I. נצר, and (rarely) נָטַר);— Pe. Pf. 1 s. מִלְּתָא בְּלִבִּי נִטְרֵת Dn 7:28.