H4932 H4932
Double, copy, second; a noun denoting twofold quantity, ordinal rank, or a written duplicate
A versatile noun built on the root for 'repeating' or 'doing again,' mishneh covers three core ideas: something doubled in quantity, something second in order, and a written copy. When Jacob sends his sons back to Egypt with 'double money' (Gen 43:12), the word conveys twofold amount. When applied to persons, it marks rank — Pharaoh's second-in-command (Gen 41:43) or David's second son (2 Sam 3:3). Most memorably, Deuteronomy 17:18 commands the king to write a mishneh of the Torah, a 'copy of the law,' a usage that gave the Mishnah its name. The word even names a Jerusalem neighborhood, the Second Quarter, where the prophetess Huldah lived.
Senses
1. second (ordinal rank or position) — Denotes second position in ordinal rank or sequence — used substantively for the second-in-command (Gen 41:43, where multilingual translations consistently render 'second' or 'deputy'), the second-born son (1 Sam 8:2; 2 Sam 3:3), or items in second place. Spanish 'segundo' and French 'deuxième' confirm the ordinal reading across all 18 occurrences. 18×
AR["الثَّانَوِيُّونَ", "الثَّانِي", "الثَّانِيَ", "الثَّانِيَةِ", "الـ-ثاني", "الْ-وَزِيرِ", "ثانِيًا", "ثَانِيهِ", "ثَانِيًا", "ثَانِيَ", "لِـ-ثَانٍ", "مُضَاعَفَةٌ", "وَ-ثَانِيهِ", "وَ-نَائِبُهُ", "وَالثَّانِي"]·ben["-দ্বিতীয়ের", "আর-তার-দ্বিতীয়", "এবং-তার-পরেরজন", "ও-দ্বিতীয়-তার", "তাঁর-দ্বিতীয়ের", "দ্বিতীয়", "দ্বিতীয়-পদের", "দ্বিতীয়-শ্রেণীর", "দ্বিতীয়-হতে", "দ্বিতীয়রা"]·DE["[המשנה]", "[המשנים]", "[ומשנהו]", "[משנה]", "dem-zweiten", "der-zweiter-rank", "sein-zweiter", "und-sein-zweiter", "und-zweiter-sein", "von-Jahr", "von-Jahre", "wie-zweiter", "zweiter"]·EN["and-his-second", "and-second-his", "and-second-to-him", "as-second", "his-second", "second", "second-of", "the-second", "the-second-rank"]·FR["[המשנה]", "comme-deuxième", "deuxième", "double", "et-deuxième-son", "et-double", "et-son-deuxième", "le-deuxième", "le-deuxième-rank", "son-deuxième", "von-année", "von-deux"]·heb["ה-משנה", "ה-משנים", "ו-משנה-הו", "ו-משנה-ו", "ו-משנהו-ו", "ל-משנה", "משנה", "משנהו", "משנים"]·HI["और-उसका-दूसरा", "और-दुस्र-उस्के", "और-दूसरा-उसका", "दूसरा", "दूसरा था", "दूसरा-था", "दूसरा।", "दूसरी-तरह-के", "दूसरे", "दूसरे-उसके", "दूसरे-का", "दूसरे-दर्जे-का", "मिश्नेह", "ह-मिश्नेह-के"]·ID["barisan-kedua", "dan-wakilnya", "dan-yang-kedua", "kedua", "kelas-dua", "orang-kedua", "tingkat-kedua", "wakil", "yang-kedua", "yang-keduanya"]·IT["come-secondo", "da-anno", "da-due", "doppio", "e-doppio", "e-secondo-suo", "e-suo-secondo", "il-secondo", "il-secondo-rank", "secondo", "suo-secondo"]·jav["Lan-kaping-kalih", "ingkang-kaping-kalih", "ingkang-nomer-kalih", "kalih-welas", "kaping-kalih", "lan-ingkang-kaping-kalih", "lan-wakil-ipun", "nomer-kalih", "wakil", "wakil-"]·KO["그-둘째", "그-둘째들", "그-둘째의", "그-와-둘째-그-의", "그리고-그의-둘째", "그리고-그의-둘째는", "그의-둘째의", "두-번째였다", "둘째", "둘째-의", "둘째로", "둘째의", "부관", "부수석의"]·PT["E-segundo-seu", "de-segunda-ordem", "e-seu-segundo", "o-segundo", "os-segundos", "por-segundo", "que", "segundo", "segundo-de", "segundo-dele"]·RU["второго", "второго-его", "второго-чина", "второй", "второстепенных", "вторую", "вторые", "вторым", "заместитель", "и-второй-его"]·ES["Y-segundo-suyo", "el-segundo", "el-segundo-orden", "los-segundos", "por-segundo", "segundas", "segundo", "segundo-del", "su-segundo", "y-segundo-de-él", "y-segundo-suyo"]·SW["daraja-la-pili", "hamiּshneh", "la-pili", "mishneh", "na-msaidizi-wake", "na-wa-pili", "na-wa-pili-wake", "vyenye-tofauti", "wa-pili", "wa-pili-kwa", "wa-pili-wake"]·TR["-ikinci", "ikinci", "ikinci-derecenin", "ikinci-sıradası", "ikinciler", "ikincinin", "ikincisi", "ikincisinin", "ve-ikincisi", "ve-yardımcısı"]·urd["اور-اُس-کا-دوسرا", "اور-اُس-کا-نائب", "اور-اُس-کے-بعد", "درجے-دوسرے", "دوسرا", "دوسرے", "دوسرے-درجے-کا", "دوسرے-درجے-کے", "دوسرے-کا", "وزیر"]
Gen 41:43, 1 Sam 8:2, 1 Sam 17:13, 1 Sam 23:17, 2 Sam 3:3, 2 Kgs 23:4, 2 Kgs 25:18, 1 Chr 5:12, 1 Chr 15:18, 1 Chr 16:5, 2 Chr 28:7, 2 Chr 31:12 (+6 more)
2. double, twofold amount — Indicates a twofold or doubled quantity — 'double money' in Gen 43:12,15, 'double bread' for the sixth-day manna portion (Exod 16:5,22), or 'double their iniquity' in Jeremiah 16:18. German and Spanish translations consistently use terms for 'double' (doble, doppelt), distinguishing this clearly from the ordinal sense. 11×
AR["ضِعْفًا", "ضِعْفَ", "ضِعْفَيْنِ", "ضِعْفَيْنِ.", "وَ-ضِعْفَ", "وَ-ضِعْفَيْنِ-"]·ben["-দ্বিগুণ", "আর-দ্বিগুণ", "দ্বিগুণ"]·DE["[ומשנה]", "[למשנה]", "[משנה]", "doppelt", "double", "und-doppelt", "von-Jahr"]·EN["and-double", "and-double-", "double"]·FR["[ומשנה]", "[משנה]", "de-année", "double", "et-double-", "à-למשנה"]·heb["ו-משנה", "ל-משנה", "משנה"]·HI["और-दोगुना", "और-दोहरी", "दुगना", "दोगुना", "दोगुनी"]·ID["berlipat ganda", "dan-dengan-dua-kali-lipat", "dan-dua-kali-lipat", "dua-kali-lipat"]·IT["da-anno", "doppio", "double", "e-da-anno", "e-double-", "per-double"]·jav["lan-tikel", "rempugaken-piyambakipun!", "tikel", "tikel-kalih", "tikel-kalih.", "tikel-kaping-kalih"]·KO["갑절로", "갑절의", "그리고-배로", "그리고-배의", "두-배로", "배나", "배로"]·PT["ao-dobro.", "dobro", "dobro,", "dobro-de", "e-dobro-de", "e-dobro-de-", "o-dobro"]·RU["вдвое", "вдвойне", "двойная", "двойное", "и-двойное-", "и-двойным"]·ES["al-doble", "doble", "el-doble", "el-doble-de", "y-doble"]·SW["mara-mbili", "miwili", "na-mara-mbili"]·TR["iki-kat", "iki-katı", "iki-katı-", "iki-katına", "ve-iki-kat", "ve-iki-kat-"]·urd["اور-دوگنا", "اور-دوگنی", "دوگنا", "دوگنی"]
3. Second Quarter (district of Jerusalem) — A proper toponym for the Second Quarter (ha-Mishneh) of Jerusalem, a residential district in the newer western section of the city. Huldah the prophetess 'dwelt in the Second Quarter' (2 Kgs 22:14; 2 Chr 34:22), and Zephaniah 1:10 foretells a cry from this district. Translations treat it as a place name rather than a common noun. 3×
AR["المِشْنَةِ", "فِي-الْحَيِّ-الثَّانِي", "فِي-الْمِشْنَةِ"]·ben["-দ্বিতীয়-পাড়ায়", "দ্বিতীয়-মহল্লায়", "দ্বিতীয়-স্থান"]·DE["[במשנה]", "[המשנה]", "in-der-zweiter-quarter"]·EN["in-the-Second-Quarter", "in-the-second-quarter", "the-second-quarter"]·FR["dans-le-deuxième-quarter", "double"]·heb["ב-ה-משנה", "ב-משנה", "ה-משנה"]·HI["दूसरे-भाग", "दूसरे-महल्ले-में", "बा-मिश्नेह-में"]·ID["daerah-kedua", "di-Bagian-Kedua", "di-bagian-kedua"]·IT["doppio", "in-il-secondo-quarto"]·jav["Misné", "ing-perangan-kaping-kalih", "wonten-ing-bagian-kaping-kalih"]·KO["미쉬네", "에-그-제이-구역", "에서-둘째-구역"]·PT["na-Mishneh", "o-Segundo"]·RU["Второго-квартала", "в-Мишне", "в-новом-городе"]·ES["el-Segundo-Barrio", "en-el-segundo-barrio"]·SW["baּmiּshneh", "katika-sehemu-ya-pili", "mtaa-wa-pili"]·TR["-ikinci-mahallede", "ikinci-mahallede", "İkinci-Mahalleden"]·urd["دوسرے-حصّے", "مشنہ-میں", "میں-دوسرے-محلے"]
4. copy (of a document) — A written copy or duplicate of a document, most notably in Deuteronomy 17:18 where the king must write 'a copy of this Torah' (mishneh hattorah), and Joshua 8:32 where Joshua inscribes a copy of Moses' law on stones. This sense underlies the later rabbinic title 'Mishnah' for the codified oral law. 2×
AR["نُسخَةِ", "نُسْخَةَ"]·ben["অনুলিপি"]·DE["copy-von", "ein-copy-von"]·EN["a-copy-of", "copy-of"]·FR["copy-de", "un-copy-de"]·heb["משנה"]·HI["प्रति", "प्रतिलिपि"]·ID["salinan"]·IT["copy-di", "un-copy-di"]·jav["salinan", "salinan-"]·KO["사본을"]·PT["cópia-de"]·RU["копию", "список"]·ES["copia-de"]·SW["nakala-ya"]·TR["kopyasını"]·urd["نقل"]
5. fatlings, choice animals — A rare use in 1 Samuel 15:9 apparently denoting 'fatlings' or choice livestock — possibly derived from the sense of 'second-quality' fattened animals or animals of the best grade among the spoils. The Spanish rendering 'los segundos' preserves the etymological link to 'second,' while English traditions opt for 'fatlings,' reflecting an interpretive tradition attested in the Targum. 1×
AR["وَ-الثَّوَانِي"]·ben["এবং-মোটা-তাজা"]·DE["und-der-fatlings"]·EN["and-the-fatlings"]·FR["et-le-fatlings"]·heb["ו-ה-משנים"]·HI["और-दोओस्रे"]·ID["dan-yang-kedua"]·IT["e-il-animali-grassi"]·jav["lan-ing-ingkang-gemuk"]·KO["그리고-그-살진것들"]·PT["e-os-engordados"]·RU["и-откормленных"]·ES["y-los-segundos"]·SW["na-wanono"]·TR["ve-semizlerin"]·urd["اور-موٹے-تازے"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מִשְׁנֶה n. [m.] double, copy, second;—abs. מ׳ Gn 41:43 +; cstr. מִשְׁנֵ�� Je 16:18 + 3 times, so read also Dt 15:18 (van d. H., > -נֶה Gi), Je 17:18 (Gie Buhl al.); sf. מִשְׁנֵהוּ 1 S 8:2 +; pl. מִשְׁנִים 1 Ch 15:18 (1 S 15:9; Ezr 1:10. v. infr.);— 1. (the) double: כֶּסֶף מ׳ Gn 43:12 (J) money of double amount, cf. כֶּ֫סֶף" dir="rtl" >מ׳ כֶּסֶף v 15 (J), a double amount (in) money (Ges§ 131q);…