H4775 H4775
To rebel or revolt against authority; also used substantively for rebels — those who defy a sovereign, overlord, or God.
A verb denoting open defiance and revolt against established authority, whether political or divine. It appears in narratives of vassal kings breaking free from overlords — as when Hezekiah rebelled against Assyria (2 Kgs 18:7) or Zedekiah against Babylon (2 Chr 36:13). Spanish consistently uses 'se rebelo' and French preserves the Hebrew form untranslated in several places, reflecting its strong, unambiguous force. The related Arabic cognate carries the sense of bold audacity in disobedience. In a few prophetic passages the participle functions as a noun — 'the rebels' — designating a class of people defined by their defiant stance against God.
Senses
1. rebel against authority — To rebel, revolt, or rise in defiance against a sovereign authority. Used of political rebellion — vassal kings breaking treaty obligations (Gen 14:4; 2 Kgs 18:7, 20; 24:1) — and of spiritual rebellion against God (Num 14:9; Josh 22:16-19; Neh 2:19). Spanish 'se rebelo/nos rebelamos' and the Arabic cognate marada ('be bold and audacious in rebellion') both confirm the force of open, willful defiance rather than mere passive resistance. Ezekiel 17:15 uses it of Zedekiah's fateful revolt against Nebuchadnezzar. 22×
AR["تَتَمَرَّدُوا","تَتَمَرَّدُونَ","تَمَرَّدوا","تَمَرَّدَ","تَمَرَّدُوا","تَمَرَّدْتَ","تَمَرَّدْنَا","فَ-عَصَوْا","فَـ-تَمَرَّدَ-","لِ-يَتَمَرَّدوا","لِنَتَمَرَّدَ","وَ-تَمَرَّدْنَا","وَتَمَرَّدَ","وَتَمَرَّدَ-"]·ben["আর-বিদ্রোহ-করল","আর-বিদ্রোহ-করল-","আর-বিদ্রোহ-করলেন","এবং-বিদ্রোহ-করলেন","এবং-বিদ্রোহ-করেছি","তুমি-বিদ্রোহ-করেছ","বিদ্রোহ-কর","বিদ্রোহ-করতে","বিদ্রোহ-করবে","বিদ্রোহ-করল","বিদ্রোহ-করলেন","বিদ্রোহ-করেছ","বিদ্রোহ-করেছি-আমরা","বিদ্রোহ-করেছে","বিদ্রোহ-করো"]·DE["[וימרד]","[וימרדו]","[ומרדנו]","[למרוד]","[מרד]","[מרדו]","[מרדנו]","[מרדת]","du-empoere-dich","empörten-sie-sich","sich-auflehnen","sich-auflehnen-gegen","und-empoerte-sich","und-er-empoerte-sich","und-er-empoerte-sich-","zu-sich-auflehnen"]·EN["against-me","and-he-rebelled","and-he-rebelled-","and-rebelled","and-they-rebelled","he-rebelled","rebel","rebel-against","they-rebelled","they-rebelled-","to-rebel","we-have-rebelled","you-rebel"]·FR["[וימרד]","[וימרדו]","[למרוד]","[מרד]","[מרדת]","et-il-se-rebella","et-il-se-rebella-","et-se-rebella","et-se-révolter","ils-se-rebella","se-rebeller","se-rebeller-contre","se-révolter","tu-rebelle","à-se-rebeller"]·heb["ו-ימרד","ו-ימרד-","ו-ימרדו","ו-ימרוד","ו-מרד","ו-מרדנו","ל-מרוד","מרד","מרדו","מרדנו","מרדת","תמרדו","תמרודו"]·HI["उनहोने-विद्रोह-किय","उन्होंने-विद्रोह-किया-","उसने-विद्रोह-किया","और-बग़ावत-की","और-बग़ावत-की-","और-बगावत","और-बगावत-की","और-विद्रोह-किया","और-विद्रोह-किया-","और-विद्रोह-किया-हमने","तूने-विद्रोह-किया","विद्रोह-करने-को","विद्रोह-करो","विद्रोह-करोगे","विद्रोह-किया-तूने","विद्रोह-किया-हमने"]·ID["dan-ia-memberontak","dan-kami-memberontak","dan-memberontak","dan-mereka-berontak","engkau-memberontak","kami-telah-memberontak","kamu-memberontak","memberontak","memberontak-mereka","untuk-memberontak"]·IT["[וימרד]","[וימרדו]","[ומרדנו]","[למרוד]","[מרד]","[מרדו]","[מרדנו]","[מרדת]","a-rebel","e-egli-si-ribellò","e-egli-si-ribellò-","e-si-ribellò","essi-rebelled","rebel","rebel-contro","ribellarsi","tu-ribellati"]·jav["Nanging-piyambakipun-mbalela-","kanggé-mbalela","kawula-sampun-mbalela","lan-kawula-sampun-mbalela","lan-mbalela","lan-piyambakipun-mbrontak","lan-sami-mbrontak","mbalela","mbalela-panjenengan","mbrontak","panjenengan-mbalela","sami-brontak","sami-mbalela"]·KO["그가-반역하였다","그가-반역했다","그리고-반역하였다","그리고-반역하였다-","그리고-반역했다","그리고-반역했으며","그리하여-반역했다","네가-반역하였는가","네가-반역했다","반역하기를","반역하려고","반역하리라","반역하지","반역하지-마라","반역했나이다","반역했다","반역했다-"]·PT["E-rebelou-se","e-nos-rebelamos","e-rebelaram-se","e-rebelou-se","e-rebelou-se-","nos-rebelamos","para-rebelar","rebelar-vos-eis","rebelaram","rebelaram-se","rebelaste","rebelem","rebelou-se","te-rebelaste","vos-rebeleis"]·RU["бунтовать","бунтуете","бунтуйте","восставайте","восставали-мы","восстал","восстал-ты","восстали-","восстали-они","восстать","и-взбунтовался-","и-восставали","и-восстал","и-восстал-","и-восстали","ты-восстал"]·ES["Y-se-rebeló","nos-rebelamos","os-rebeláis","os-rebeléis","rebelarnos","rebelaros","se-rebelaron","se-rebeló","te-has-rebelado","te-rebelaste","y-nos-rebelamos","y-se-rebelaron","y-se-rebeló"]·SW["-asi","Na-akaasi","asi","kuasi","marad","msiasi","mtaasi","na-akaasi","na-akaasi-","na-aliasi","na-tumeasi","na-wakakuasi","tuliasi","umeasi","waliasi","yameasi"]·TR["başkaldırdık","isyan-ederseniz","isyan-edin","isyan-etmek","isyan-etti","isyan-ettiler","isyan-ettin","ve-başkaldırdık","ve-isyan-etti","ve-isyan-ettiler"]·urd["اور-اُس-نے-بغاوت-کی-","اور-بغاوت-کی","اور-سرکش-ہوئے","اور-سرکشی-کی-ہم-نے","بغاوت-کرنا","بغاوت-کرنے-سے","بغاوت-کرو","بغاوت-کرو-گے","بغاوت-کی","بغاوت-کی-","بغاوت-کی-تو-نے","تُو-نے-بغاوت-کی","سرکشی-کی-ہم-نے"]
Gen 14:4, Num 14:9, Josh 22:16, Josh 22:18, Josh 22:19, Josh 22:19, Josh 22:29, 2 Kgs 18:7, 2 Kgs 18:20, 2 Kgs 24:1, 2 Kgs 24:20, 2 Chr 13:6 (+10 more)
2. rebel (substantive) — A substantival participle — 'rebel, one who rebels' — designating persons characterized by defiance. At Job 24:13 the 'rebels against light' are those who reject moral illumination. Ezekiel 2:3 labels Israel a 'rebellious' nation, and Ezekiel 20:38 speaks of purging 'the rebels' from among the people. Spanish renders 'los rebeldes' (the rebels), confirming the shift from verbal action to a fixed characterization of persons defined by their stance of revolt. 3×
AR["الـ-مُتَمَرِّدينَ","الْمُتَمَرِّدِينَ","فِي-مُتَمَرِّدِي-"]·ben["-বিদ্রোহী-","-বিদ্রোহীদের","সেই-বিদ্রোহীদের"]·DE["[במרדי]","[המורדים]","[המרדים]"]·EN["among-rebels-of","the-rebelling","the-rebels"]·FR["dans-במרדי","se-révolter"]·heb["ב-מורדי","ה-מורדים"]·HI["ते-विद्रोही","विद्रोहियों","विद्रोहियों-में-से"]·ID["di-antara-pemberontak","orang-orang-pemberontak","yang-memberontak"]·IT["[המורדים]","[המרדים]","in-ribellarsi"]·jav["ing-pemberontak-","ingkang-mbalela"]·KO["그-반역하는-자들을","반역하는","반역하는-자들-속에-"]·PT["as-rebeldes","os-que-se-rebelam-contra","os-rebeldes"]·RU["восстающим","восстающих","среди-восстающих-против-"]·ES["de-los-que-se-rebelan-contra-","las-rebeldes","los-rebeldes"]·SW["miongoni-mwa-waasi-wa","waasi","yanayoasi"]·TR["isyan-edenler","isyancıları-","isyankarları"]·urd["باغیوں","باغیوں-","باغیوں-ان"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [מָרַד] vb. rebel (NH id.; Arabic مَرَدَ be bold and audacious in acts of rebellion or disobedience; Ethiopic መረደ run strenuously, attack; መራድ rebellion, PräBeiträge iii. 44; Sab. מרד rebellion Hal 535, 16 Sab.Denkm.38 HomChrestom. 127; Aramaic ܡܪܰܕ, מְרַד; rebel);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מָרָ֑ד 2 Ch 36:13, 2 ms. מָרַדְתָּ 2 K 18:20=Is 36:5, etc.; Impf. וַיִּמְרֹד 2 K 18:7 + 3 times, וַיִּמְרָד־ 2 K…