H3885b H3885b
To murmur, grumble, or complain (especially Israel against God/Moses); also to lodge overnight (distinct root)
This root is almost exclusively the vocabulary of wilderness rebellion. Whenever Israel grumbles against Moses and Aaron in the Torah, the text reaches for lun in its Nifal or Hifil stems (Exod 15:24; Num 14:2). Spanish 'murmurar' and French 'murmurer' both preserve the low, collective rumble of communal discontent. The Hifil causative appears in Numbers 14:36, where the spies who brought the bad report are said to have caused the whole congregation to murmur. A single occurrence in Psalm 59:15 preserves what appears to be the distinct homonymous root meaning to lodge or spend the night, a reminder that Hebrew lexicography must carefully distinguish roots that share the same consonantal form.
Senses
1. murmur, grumble, complain — To murmur, grumble, or complain, typically of the Israelite community voicing discontent against God or their leaders during the wilderness period. The Nifal and Hifil intransitive forms dominate. Exodus 15:24 records the first instance after the bitter waters of Marah; Exodus 16:2 and Numbers 16:11 continue the pattern. Spanish 'murmurar' and French 'murmurer' consistently render this collective grumbling. 15×
AR["(تَتَذَمَّرُونَ)","(وَ-تَذَمَّرُوا)","[تَتَذَمَّرُونَ]","[تَذَمَّرُوا]","تَذَمَّرْتُمْ","فَ-تَذَمَّرَ","مُتَذَمِّرُونَ","وَ-تَذَمَّرَ","وَ-تَذَمَّرُوا","يَتَذَمَّرُونَ"]·ben["অভিযোগ-কর","অভিযোগ-করছে","অভিযোগ-করল","অভিযোগ-করেছ","এবং-অভিযোগ-করল","এবং-বড়বড়-করল","তোমরা-অভিযোগ-কর","তোমরা-অভিযোগ-করছ","বিড়বিড়-করছে"]·DE["[du-murren]","[und-murmured]","[und-sie-murmured]","du-murren","murmured","murmuring","und-murmured","und-murrte"]·EN["(and-murmured)","(you-murmur)","[and-they-murmured]","[you-murmur]","and-grumbled","and-murmured","murmured","murmuring","you-murmur"]·FR["[et-ils-murmura]","[et-murmura]","[tu-murmurer]","et-grumbled","et-murmura","murmura","murmurant","tu-murmurer"]·heb["(ו-הלינו)","(תלינו)","[וילינו]","[תלונו]","הלינתם","ו-הלין","ו-הלינו","ו-התלוננו","ו-ילנו","מלינים","מלינם"]·HI["(और-बुड़बुड़ाई)","(बुड़बुड़ाते-हो)","[बुड़बुड़ाई]","[बुड़बुड़ाते-हो]","और-कुड़कुड़ाए","और-बड़बड़ाई","और-बुड़बुड़ाई","और-बुड़बुड़ाए","बड़बड़ाते-हैं","बड़बड़ाते-हो","बड़बड़ाया"]·ID["(kamu-bersungut-sungut)","Dan-bersungut-sungutlah","[bersungut-sungut]","[kamu-bersungut-sungut]","bersungut-sungut","dan-bersungut-sungut","dan-bersungut-sungutlah","kamu-bersungut-sungut"]·IT["[e-essi-murmured]","[e-murmured]","[tu-mormorare]","e-grumbled","e-mormorò","e-murmured","murmured","murmuring","tu-mormorare"]·jav["Lan-nggrundel","Lan-umat-ngresula","[ngresula]","ktr","lan-ngresula","nggrundel","panjenengan-sadaya-nggrundel","panjenengan-sedaya-ngresula","sami-nggresulaken"]·KO["(불평하다)","[너희가-원망하느냐]","[원망하였다]","그리고-불평하였다","그리고-불평했다","그리고-원망하였다","너희가-불평한다","너희가-원망하느냐","불평하는","불평한"]·PT["E-murmuraram","E-murmurou","[e-murmuraram]","[murmurais]","e-murmuraram","e-murmurou","murmurais","murmurando","murmurastes"]·RU["[кетив]","[ропщете]","И-роптал","И-роптала","и-роптал","и-роптали","и-роптало","роптали-вы","ропщете","ропщут","ропщущие"]·ES["Y-murmuraron","Y-murmuró","[K]","murmuran","murmurasteis","murmuráis","y-murmuraron","y-murmuró"]·SW["(mnalalamika)","(na-wakalalamika)","Na-wakanung'unika","[mnalalamika]","[na-wakalalamika]","[∅]","mlinung'unika","na-wakalalamika","wananung'unika"]·TR["Ve-söylendi","[söylendi]","[söylenirsiniz]","[söyleniyor]","söylendiniz","söylenenler","söylenirsiniz","söyleniyorlar","söyleniyorsunuz","ve-söylendi","ve-söylendiler"]·urd["[کتیو]","اور-بُڑبُڑائی","اور-بُڑبُڑایا","اور-بڑبڑائی","اور-بڑبڑائیں","اور-شکایت-کی","بڑبڑانے-والے","تم-بُڑبُڑاتے-ہو","تم-بڑبڑاتے-ہو","کڑکڑاتے-ہیں","کڑکڑاہٹ-کی"]
2. cause to murmur — Hifil causative sense meaning to cause others to murmur or incite grumbling. Numbers 14:36 applies this specifically to the ten spies whose evil report caused the whole congregation to complain. This is a distinct grammatical and semantic development from the intransitive grumbling of sense 1, placing blame on the instigators rather than the crowd. 2×
AR["(وَ-أَتَذَمّروا)","[وَتَذَمّروا]"]·ben["(এবং-অভিযোগ-করল)","[এবং-অভিযোগ-করল]"]·DE["und-caused-zu-murren"]·EN["and-caused-to-murmur"]·FR["et-caused-à-murmurer"]·heb["ו-(וילינו)","ו-[וילונו]"]·HI["और-बड़बड़ाया"]·ID["(dan-menyebabkan-bersungut-sungut)","[dan-menyebabkan-bersungut-sungut]"]·IT["e-caused-a-mormorare"]·jav["ktr","lan-nggrundel"]·KO["(불평하게-했다)","그리고-불평하게-했다"]·PT["e-fizeram-murmurar"]·RU["[ктв]","и-роптали"]·ES["[K]","e-hicieron-murmurar"]·SW["(na-wakasababisha-kunung'unika)","[∅]"]·TR["[ve-söylendiler]","ve-söylendiler"]·urd["[]","اور-بڑبڑاہٹ-کرائی"]
3. lodge, spend the night — To lodge or spend the night, reflecting a separate homonymous root (lun I) that shares the same consonantal spelling. In Psalm 59:15, the psalmist's enemies prowl and spend the night, a usage that belongs to the common Qal verb for overnight lodging rather than to the wilderness-murmuring vocabulary. Context and stem form are the keys to distinguishing the two roots. 1×
AR["وَ-يَبيتونَ"]·ben["ও-তারা-থাকে"]·DE["dann-sie-wird-stay-alle-Nacht"]·EN["then-they-will-stay-all-night"]·FR["et-murmurer"]·heb["ו-ילינו"]·HI["और-चिल्लाते-हैं"]·IT["e-dimoro'"]·jav["sami-ngubengi"]·KO["그리고-투덬거리라"]·PT["e-passarão-a-noite"]·RU["и-ропщут"]·ES["y-pasan-la-noche"]·SW["wanalalamika"]·TR["ve-homurdanacaklar"]·urd["وَ-گُزاریں"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. [לוּן] vb. murmur, only Ex 15, 16, 17, Nu 14, 16, 17, and Jos 9:18 (Sam. always defect., hence NöZMG xxxvii, 1883, 535 n. thinks poss. לנן [cf. רנן?]; from limited occurrence, he supposes it disappeared early; but found chiefly in P);— Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּלּוֹ֫נוּ Ex 15:24 + 3 times + Ex 16:2 Qr (Kt וילינו) + Nu 14:36 Kt (Qr וַיַּלִּי֫נוּ, Hiph.); 2 mpl. תִּלּוֹ֫נוּ Ex 16:7; Nu 16:11,…