H3803 H3803
surround, encircle; crown, adorn (Hifil figurative); wait, be patient (Piel Aramaic semantic)
2. crown, adorn (Hifil figurative) — To crown or adorn, a figurative extension of 'surround' in the Hifil, where the encirclement becomes the bestowal of honor or ornament. In Prov 14:18 the prudent are crowned (yaktiru) with knowledge. The image of surrounding the head extends naturally from the physical encirclement sense to the metaphor of placing a crown. Multilingual glosses point to this sense: Arabic yutawwajuna (are crowned), German bekroenen, Korean sseumunda (wearing), Hindi mukut pahante hain (wearing a crown), Spanish se coronan (are crowned). 1×
AR["يُتَوَّجونَ"]·ben["মুকুট-পরাবে"]·DE["[יכתרו]"]·EN["are-crowned-with"]·FR["יכתרו"]·heb["יכתירו"]·HI["मुकुट-पहनते-हैं"]·ID["dimahkotai"]·IT["sono-crowned-con"]·jav["makuthani"]·KO["씀운다"]·PT["se-coroarão-de"]·RU["увенчиваются"]·ES["se-coronan-de"]·SW["wanajivika"]·TR["taçlandırılır"]·urd["تاج-پہنیں-گے"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. surround, encircle — To surround or encircle, used in Piel and Hifil stems of hostile encirclement or encompassing. In Judg 20:43 the Israelites surrounded (kitteru) Benjamin; in Ps 22:12 bulls of Bashan encircle the psalmist (kitteruni); in Hab 1:4 the wicked surrounds (maktir) the righteous; in Ps 142:7 the righteous shall gather around (yaktiru) in celebration. The core spatial meaning of 'forming a circle around' is consistent whether hostile (siege) or positive (gathering). Multilingual glosses confirm: Arabic ahaatu/yuhitu, German umringen, Korean dulreossada/ewossada, Hindi gherna, Spanish rodear/cercar. 4×
AR["أَحَاطُوا","أَحَدَقَتْ-بِي","يُحيطُ-بِ","يُحِيطُ"]·ben["আমাকে-বেষ্টন-করেছে","ঘিরে-ধরল","ঘেরবে","ঘেরাও-করছে"]·DE["[מכתיר]","soll-sammeln","umgab","umringen-mich"]·EN["encircle-me","shall-gather","surrounded","surrounds"]·FR["comme-entourer","entoura","entourer"]·heb["יכתירו","כיתרו","כיתרוני","מכתיר"]·HI["घेर-लिया-है-मुझे","घेरता-है","घेरा","घेरेंगे"]·ID["Mereka-mengepung","akan-mengelilingi","mengepung"]·IT["[יכתרו]","[כתרוני]","circondare","circondò"]·jav["Ngubengi","badhe-ngubengi","ngepung","ngubengi-kula"]·KO["둘러샌다","둘러싸리라","에워싸고-있으므로","에워싸였음이라"]·PT["cerca","cercaram","cercarão","me-rodearam"]·RU["обступили-меня","окружает","окружат","окружили"]·ES["Rodearon","coronarán","me-han-cercado","rodea"]·SW["Wakamzunguka","anamzingira","wamenizunguka","watanizunguka"]·TR["Kuşattılar","kuşatacaklar","kuşatan","çevirdiler-beni"]·urd["گھیر-لیا-مجھے","گھیرا","گھیرتا-ہے","گھیریں-گے"]
3. wait, be patient (Piel Aramaic semantic) — To wait or be patient, an Aramaizing sense attested in Job 36:2 where Elihu says 'Wait for me a little' (kattar). This meaning is well-established in Aramaic (kattar Pa. = wait, remain, endure) and represents a distinct semantic development from the Hebrew 'surround' meaning. Multilingual glosses confirm: Arabic intadhir (wait), Hindi thahr (wait/stop), Korean chamuera (be patient), Spanish espera (wait). 1×
AR["انتَظِر"]·ben["অপেক্ষা-কর"]·DE["[כתר]"]·EN["wait-"]·FR["כתר"]·heb["חכה"]·HI["ठहर"]·ID["Bersabarlah-"]·IT["wait"]·jav["Ngentosana"]·KO["참으라"]·PT["Espera-"]·RU["подожди-"]·ES["Espera-"]·SW["ningojee"]·TR["Bekle-"]·urd["انتظار کر"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [כָּתַר] vb. surround (in Pi.), (Aramaic כַּתַּר Pa., wait, hope for; ܟܰܬܰܪ Pa. wait, await, remain; i.e. perhaps surround expectantly, v. Jb 36:2 infr.)— Pi. Pf. 3 pl. כִּתְּרוּ Ju 20:43 of surrounding an enemy; sf. כִּתְּרוּנִי ψ 22:13 (in fig.; ‖ סְבָבוּנִי); Imv. כַּתַּר־לִי Jb 36:2 wait, I pray (as in Aramaic) Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. בִּי יַכְתִּרוּ צַדִּיקִים ψ 142:8 dub., throw out crowns…