H3639 H3639
Shame, ignominy, disgrace; insult or reproach experienced as humiliation before God or others
A weighty noun in the vocabulary of dishonor, often paired with its near-synonym boshet (shame). It describes the burning experience of being put to public shame -- whether as divine judgment on the wicked, who 'go into ignominy' (Isa 45:16), or as the anguished cry of the righteous who feel their disgrace like a garment covering them (Jer 3:25, Ps 109:29). Job protests that his friends' correction is an 'insulting reproach' (Job 20:3), revealing the word's capacity to denote active affront, not just passive condition. In its rare plural form (Isa 50:6), it points to concrete, repeated acts of humiliation -- the Servant who did not hide his face from 'insults and spitting.' French 'confusion' and German 'Schande' each reflect different registers of this shame vocabulary.
Senses
1. shame, ignominy — The subjective state or condition of shame and ignominy, often as a consequence of sin, defeat, or divine judgment. The psalmist prays that his enemies be 'clothed with shame' (Ps 109:29), and Isaiah warns that idol-makers 'shall go into ignominy' together (Isa 45:16). Frequently paired with boshet in prophetic denunciations (Isa 30:3, 61:7), this sense emphasizes the inner experience of being shamed. Spanish 'verguenza' and French 'confusion' both center on this felt condition. 21×
AR["الخِزْيُ", "بِالخِزْيِ", "خِزيًا", "خِزْيًا", "خِزْيَ", "خِزْيَكِ", "خِزْيَهُمْ", "خِزْيِ", "خِزْيِكِ", "عَارِي", "لِ-عَارٍ", "وَ-خِزْيٌ"]·ben["-লজ্জায়", "অপমান", "আমার-অপমানের", "এবং-লজ্জা", "তাদের-লজ্জা", "তোমার-লজ্জা", "তোমার-লজ্জার", "লজ্জা", "লজ্জার-জন্য"]·DE["Schande", "[בכלמה]", "[וכלמה]", "[כלמת]", "[כלמתי]", "mit-dishonor", "zu-Schande"]·EN["and-shame", "in-humiliation", "my-disgrace", "shame", "shame-of", "shame-your", "their-shame", "to-shame", "with-dishonor"]·FR["comme-honte", "confusion", "dans-la-confusion", "et-וכלמה", "honte", "mon-כלמתי-moi", "à-honte"]·heb["ב-כלימה", "ו-כלימה", "כלימה", "כלימת", "כלימתי", "כלימתך", "כלימתם", "ל-כלימה"]·HI["अपनी-लज्जा", "अपमान", "अपमान-में", "उनकी", "उनकी-लज्जा", "और-लज्जा", "को-उनकी-लज्जा", "जब-कि-लज्जा", "मेरी-लज्जा-की", "लज्जा", "लज्जा-अपनी", "लज्जा-तेरी-के"]·ID["aib", "dalam-kehinaan", "dan-malu", "kehinaan", "kehinaan-mereka", "kehinaanku", "kemaluanmu", "kemaluanmu,", "menjadi-penghinaan", "penghinaan", "penghinaan-mereka"]·IT["e-e-shame", "mio-disgrace-mio", "vergogna"]·jav["badhé-kalalen.", "dhateng-kawirang-an", "ing-kawirangaken", "kaalusan", "kanisthan-panjenengan", "kawirangan", "kawiranganipun", "lan-wirang", "wirang-ing", "wirang-kawula", "wirangipun", "wirangé"]·KO["그것들의-수치", "그들의-수치를", "그리고-수치이니라", "나의-수치의", "네-수치를", "네-수치의", "수치-가", "수치-그들의를", "수치-를", "수치가", "수치를", "수치속으로"]·PT["de-vergonha", "e-vergonha", "em-humilhação", "em-vergonha", "humilhação", "humilhação-de", "minha-vergonha", "sua-vergonha", "tua-vergonha", "vergonha-de", "vergonha-deles"]·RU["бесчестье-их", "в-позоре", "в-стыд", "и-посрамление", "на-посрамление", "позор", "позор-свой", "позор-твой", "позора-моего", "позора-твоего", "поношение", "срам-свой", "стыд"]·ES["de-vergüenza", "en-vergüenza", "mi-vergüenza", "para-vergüenza?", "su-vergüenza", "verguenza-de", "vergüenza", "vergüenza-de", "vergüenza-de-ti", "y-vergüenza"]·SW["aibu", "aibu-ya", "aibu-yako", "aibu-yao", "fedheha", "kwa-aibu", "la-aibu-yangu", "na-aibu"]·TR["kız-kardeşlerini", "utanc", "utancla", "utancı", "utancılarını", "utancını", "utanç", "utanç-için", "utanç-vererek", "utançlarını", "utançlarının", "utançını", "utançınızı", "ve-utancıdır"]·urd["-رسوائی-میں", "اور-شرمندگی", "اپنی-رسوائی", "تیری-رسوائی-کے", "ذلت-میں", "رسوائی", "رسوائی-میری-کی", "شرمندگی-نے"]
Job 20:3, Ps 4:2, Ps 69:7, Ps 109:29, Prov 18:13, Isa 45:16, Jer 20:11, Jer 51:51, Ezek 16:52, Ezek 16:52, Ezek 16:54, Ezek 16:63 (+9 more)
2. disgrace, reproach — Public disgrace, dishonor, or reproach experienced as a social consequence -- the external dimension of humiliation inflicted by others or recognized by the community. The psalmist laments 'my dishonor is continually before me' (Ps 44:15), and Jeremiah depicts Israel's shame as something that 'covers us' (Jer 3:25). In Ps 69:19, the sufferer appeals to God who knows his 'reproach, shame, and dishonor.' German 'Schande' captures this public, external quality. 8×
AR["خِزْيي", "خِزْيٌ", "عَارُنَا", "لِلْعَارِ", "وَ-الْعَارِ", "وَ-خَجَلاً", "وَ-خَجَلي", "وَعارًا"]·ben["-এবং-অপমানের", "অপমান", "অপমান-আমার", "অপমান-রূপে", "আমাদের-অপমান", "ও-অপমান", "ও-আমার-অপমান", "ও-লজ্জা"]·DE["[וכלמה]", "[כלמות]", "[כלמתנו]", "[לכלמה]", "mein-Schmach", "und-Schmach", "und-dishonor", "und-mein-Schmach"]·EN["and-disgrace", "and-dishonor", "and-humiliation", "and-my-disgrace", "disgrace", "for-disgrace", "my-disgrace", "our-disgrace"]·FR["comme-honte", "confusion", "et-confusion", "et-honte", "honte", "à-confusion"]·heb["ו-כלימה", "ו-כלימתי", "כלימות", "כלימת-י", "כלימתנו", "ל-כלימה"]·HI["अपमान", "अपमान-मेरा", "अपमान-हमारा", "और-अपमान", "और-अपमान-से", "के-लिए-अपमान"]·ID["aib", "dan-aib", "dan-kehinaan", "dan-kehinaanku", "kehinaan-kami", "untuk-kehinaan"]·IT["e-vergogna", "vergogna"]·jav["cacadan-kula", "cacamah", "dados-wirang", "lan-cacadan", "lan-isin", "saha-kawirangan", "saha-wirang-kawula", "wirang-kita"]·KO["그리고-나-의-수치-를", "그리고-치욕을", "내-수치-가", "능욕을", "모욕-을", "수치들-이", "에-수치로", "우리의-수치가"]·PT["e-de-vergonha", "e-desonra", "e-minha-humilhação", "minha-vergonha", "nossa-humilhação", "para-humilhação", "vergonhas"]·RU["для-позора", "и-позор", "и-позора", "и-посрамление-моё", "и-стыдом", "позор-мой", "позор-наш", "посрамление"]·ES["afrentas", "mi-afrenta", "nuestra-afrenta", "para-humillación", "y-de-vergüenza", "y-humillación", "y-la-deshonra", "y-mi-deshonra"]·SW["aibu", "fedheha", "fedheha-yangu", "fedheha-yetu", "na-fedheha", "na-udhalilishaji-wangu"]·TR["aşağılamam", "onurusuzluğumuz-bizim", "utanc-icin", "utandıranlar", "ve-aşağılama", "ve-rezillik", "ve-rezilliğimi", "ve-utanc"]·urd["اور-رسوائی-کی-جگہ", "اور-رُسوائی", "رسوائی-کے-لیے", "رسوائی-ہماری", "رُسوائیاں", "میری-رُسوائی", "وَ-شرمندگی", "وَ-میری-رسوائی"]
3. insults, acts of humiliation — Concrete acts or instances of insult and humiliation, used in the plural to denote repeated affronts. In Isa 50:6, the Suffering Servant testifies 'I did not hide my face from insults and spitting,' where the plural kelimmot points to specific, repeated acts of degradation rather than a general state. This anticipatory prophecy of the Servant's suffering gives the word its most visceral, enacted force. 1×
AR["مِنَ-الْعَارِ"]·ben["-অপমান-থেকে"]·DE["[מכלמות]"]·EN["from-insults"]·FR["confusion"]·heb["מ-כלימות"]·HI["अपमानों-से"]·ID["dari-penghinaan"]·IT["vergogna"]·jav["saking-pangina"]·KO["수치와-"]·PT["de-vergonhas"]·RU["от-поношений"]·ES["de-humillaciones"]·SW["kutoka-aibu"]·TR["hakaretlerden"]·urd["رسوائیوں-سے"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כְּלִמָּה n.f. insult, reproach, ignominy;—abs. כ׳ Is 45:16 + 9 times cstr. כְּלִמַּת Je 20:11 + 3 times; sf. כְּלִמָּתִי Jb 20:3 + 3 times, etc.; pl. כְּלִמּוֹת Mi 2:6; Is 50:6;— 1. specif., insult, reproach, לֹא יִסַּג כ׳ Mi 2:6 reproaches do not cease; מוּסַר כְּלִמָּתִי Jb 20:3 = my beshaming (insulting) correction, i.e. the correction which insults me. 2. in gen., reproach, ignominy, opp.…