H3516 H3516
Liver; the bodily organ, referenced in sacrificial ritual, divination, and as a seat of strong emotion.
The noun kaved as a substantive designates the liver, the largest internal organ and one regarded across the ancient Near East as a seat of deep feeling. The root kbd means 'heavy,' and the liver was named as the heaviest organ -- a connection preserved in cognate Arabic kabid and Aramaic kabda. Most occurrences appear in Priestly sacrificial legislation, where the 'appendage on the liver' (yoteret ha-kaved) is burned upon the altar (Exod 29:13, 22; Lev 3-9). Ezekiel 21:26 records the Babylonian king consulting the liver in hepatoscopy. Proverbs 7:23 depicts an arrow piercing the liver, and Lamentations 2:11 pours it out in anguish.
Senses
1. liver (organ) — The bodily organ known as the liver, prominent in Priestly sacrificial texts where the yoteret ('appendage') upon it is burned on the altar (Exod 29:13, 22; Lev 3:4, 10, 15; 4:9; 7:4; 8:16, 25; 9:10, 19). Also appears in hepatoscopy (Ezek 21:26), a fatal arrow wound (Prov 7:23), and grief poured out in anguish (Lam 2:11). Etymologically 'the heavy one.' 14×
AR["-الكَبِدِ", "الكَبِدِ", "فِي-الْكَبِدِ", "كَبِدَهُ", "كَبِدِي"]·ben["-যকৃতের", "আমার-কলিজা", "তার-যকৃৎ", "যকৃতে", "যকৃতের", "সেই-যকৃতের", "সেই-যকৃৎ"]·DE["[בכבד]", "[כבדו]", "[כבדי]", "der-Leber", "der-liver"]·EN["at-the-liver", "his-liver", "my-liver", "the-liver"]·FR["[כבדי]", "foie", "le-foie", "le-liver", "son-כבדו-lui"]·heb["ב-כבד", "ה-כבד", "כבדו", "כבדי"]·HI["कलेजा", "कलेजा-उसके", "जिगर", "जिगर-के", "में-कलेजे", "मेरा-कलेजा"]·ID["hati", "hati-itu", "hatiku", "hatinya", "pada-hati"]·IT["[בכבד]", "[כבדי]", "il-fegato", "il-liver", "suo-liver-suo"]·jav["ati", "ati-kawula", "ing-ati."]·KO["그-간", "그-간을", "그-간의", "그-의-간-을", "내-간-이"]·PT["fígado", "meu-fígado", "no-fígado", "o-fígado", "seu-fígado"]·RU["на-печень", "печени", "печень-его -", "печень-моя"]·ES["el-hígado", "hígado-de-él", "mi-hígado"]·SW["cha-ini", "ini", "ini-lake", "ini-langu", "la-ini"]·TR["-karaciğer", "ciğerim", "ciğerini-onun", "karaciğere", "karaciğerin"]·urd["-جگر", "-جگر-کی", "جگر", "جگر-اُس-کا", "جگر-میں", "جگر-کی", "میرا-جگر"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כָּבֵד n.[f. Gn 49, 6] liver (explained by Thes (quoting Galen) as the heavy organ, par excellence, of the body; NH כָּבֵד; Aramaic כַּבְדָא, ܟܰܒܕܳܐ; Arabic كَبِدٌ, cf. أَكْبَدُ (anything) large, thick in the middle; Ethiopic ከብድ Assyrian kabittu DlHWB temper, heart (fig.), Aramaic כְּבַד, ܐܶܬܟܰܒܰܕ be angry, because the liver was regarded as seat of emotions)—כ׳ Ex 29:13 + 11 times; כְּבֵדוֹ Pr…