H3512a H3512a
be disheartened, cowed, broken in spirit; lose courage
A verb expressing being disheartened, discouraged, or broken in spirit. The Niphal stem appears in Psalm 109:16 describing a persecuted person who is 'broken of heart' (נִכְאֵה לֵבָב), parallel to 'poor and needy.' Daniel 11:30 uses it to describe a king who 'shall be cowed' or lose heart when his naval expedition fails. The Hiphil infinitive in Ezekiel 13:22 (if correctly read) would mean 'disheartening' or breaking the spirit of the righteous—though the Septuagint and Targum suggest reading this as from כָּאַב (to pain, grieve). The root relates to Arabic words for drawing back timidly or abstaining through fear.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The emotional and spiritual state of being disheartened, cowed, or broken in courage. Psalm 109's 'broken-hearted one' captures the crushed spirit of someone under relentless persecution. Daniel's king becomes disheartened when his plans fail, showing how military and political reverses break proud spirits. The Ezekiel text (if correctly understood) portrays false prophets as those who break the hearts of the righteous—a spiritual violence parallel to physical persecution. Glosses vary ('disheartened', 'desanimará', 'être lourd') reflecting textual and semantic uncertainties. 3×
AR["إِيلَامِكُنَّ", "وَ-مَنكَسِرَ", "وَ-يَنْكَسِرُ"]·ben["এবং-পীড়িত", "ও-নিরাশ-হবে", "ব্যথিত-করেছ"]·DE["[הכאות]", "[ונכאה]", "und-zerbrochen-von"]·EN["and-broken-of", "and-he-shall-be-disheartened", "disheartening-of"]·FR["et-déshonorer", "et-être-lourd", "être-lourd"]·heb["הכאות", "ו-נכאה"]·HI["और-टूटे", "और-हिम्मत-टूटेगी-उसकी", "दुखाने"]·ID["dan-dia-akan-patah-semangat", "dan-yang-patah", "kamu-menyedihkan"]·IT["[הכאות]", "[ונכאה]"]·jav["lan-ingkang-remuk", "lan-piyambak-ipun-dados-sedhih", "panjenengan-sedaya-susahaken"]·KO["그리고-남심하여지리라", "그리고-상한", "아프게-하였음이라-"]·PT["e-o-de-coração", "e-se-abaterá", "entristecestes"]·RU["и-поникнет", "и-сокрушённого", "огорчив"]·ES["entristecisteis", "y-quebrantado-de", "y-se-desanimará"]·SW["mmeuumiza", "na-atakuwa-na-uchungu", "na-mwenye-moyo"]·TR["acı-verdirmenizin", "ve-cesareti-kırılacak", "ve-kırık"]·urd["اور-شکستہ-دل", "اور-پست-ہو-گا", "رنجیدہ-کیا-تم-نے"]
Related Senses
H7965 1. peace, absence of conflict (198×)H3467 1. save, deliver, rescue (Hifil active) (156×)H5127 1. flee, run away (Qal) (144×)G1515 1. peace, well-being, harmony (93×)H8002 1. peace offering(s) (87×)G4982 1. save spiritually, grant salvation (79×)H3444 1. salvation, deliverance (67×)H4422 1. Nifal: escape, flee (63×)H1272 1. flee, run away (Qal) (58×)H6869b 1. distress, trouble (57×)G4991 1. of salvation (46×)G2347 1. tribulation, affliction, distress (45×)H0983 1. security, safety, confidence (42×)H6031b 1. Piel: afflict, oppress (42×)H6040 1. affliction, misery, suffering (36×)H3468 1. salvation, deliverance (33×)G5343 1. flee, run away (28×)H3467 2. savior, deliverer (Hifil participle substantive) (28×)H8668 1. salvation, deliverance (27×)H8252 1. be quiet, be at rest (26×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [כָּאָה] vb.Niph. be disheartened, cowed (cf. Arabic كَأْكَأَ draw back timidly, كَآءَ abstain through timidity)— Niph. Pf. וְנִכְאָה consec. Dn 11:30 then shall he be cowed; Pt. נִכְאֵה לֵבָב ψ 109:16 downhearted (‖ עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן). Hiph. Inf. cstr. הַכְאוֹת לֵב צַדִּיק Ez 13:22; but 𝔊 𝔗 Co הכאבתן v. כָּאַב" dir="rtl" >כָּאַב.