H3499a H3499a
Remainder, rest, or remnant of a group; also excellence or preeminence, surplus or abundance, and adverbially 'exceedingly.'
The Hebrew noun yeter (יֶתֶר) appears nearly a hundred times, overwhelmingly in the formulaic phrase 'and the rest of the acts of [king]' that punctuates the books of Kings and Chronicles. This 'remainder' sense — what is left over after counting — dominates the word's profile. But Jacob's blessing over Reuben reveals a different dimension: 'excellence of dignity and excellence of power' (Gen 49:3), where yeter denotes superiority or preeminence. Spanish captures both faces — 'resto' for the remainder, 'excelencia' for the distinction. A third sense emerges in wisdom and psalmic poetry, where the 'surplus' of the wicked or the 'abundance' stored up by the faithful shades into overflow and excess (Ps 17:14; Job 22:20).
Senses
1. rest, remainder, remnant — The dominant sense: the remaining portion or people of a group, frequently in the construct phrase 'the rest of the acts of...' throughout Kings and Chronicles. English renders it 'rest' or 'remainder,' Spanish 'resto,' French 'reste,' German 'Rest.' This covers remnants of crops left by locusts (Joel 1:4), remaining vessels in Jerusalem (Jer 27:19), and the residue of a tribal allotment (Deut 3:13). The implied sense is what is left after the primary portion has been accounted for. 87×
AR["وَ-بَقِيَّةُ", "وَبَقِيَّةَ", "وَبَقِيَّةُ"]·ben["আর-বাকি", "এবং-অবশিষ্ট", "এবং-বাকি"]·DE["und-Ruhe-von", "und-remainder-von", "und-ruhe-von"]·EN["and-remainder-of", "and-rest-of"]·FR["et-repos-de", "et-reste-de"]·heb["ו-יתר"]·HI["और-शेष", "और-शेष-", "वयेतेर"]·ID["Dan-selebihnya", "Dan-sisa", "dan sisa", "dan-selebihnya", "dan-sisa", "dan-sisanya"]·IT["e-remainder-di", "e-resto-di", "e-riposa-di", "e-riposare-di"]·jav["Lan-sanes-sanes", "Lan-sanès-sanèsipun", "Lan-sanèsipun", "lan-sanesipun", "lan-sangandhaping", "lan-sanèsipun", "lan-sisaning", "lan-sèsaipun"]·KO["그리고-나머지"]·PT["E-restante-de", "E-resto-de", "e-o-resto", "¶ E-o-resto-de", "¶ E-resto-de"]·RU["И-остаток", "и-остальное", "и-остальные", "и-остаток"]·ES["Y-el-resto-de", "Y-resto-de", "y-el-resto-de", "y-resto-de"]·SW["Na-baki-ya", "na-baki-ya", "na-mambo-mengine", "na-mambo-mengine-ya", "na-wengine"]·TR["ve-geri-kalan", "ve-geri-kalanı", "ve-geri-kalanını-", "ve-gerisi", "ve-kalan"]·urd["اور-باقی"]
Deut 3:13, 1 Sam 13:2, 1 Kgs 11:41, 1 Kgs 14:19, 1 Kgs 14:29, 1 Kgs 15:7, 1 Kgs 15:23, 1 Kgs 15:31, 1 Kgs 16:5, 1 Kgs 16:14, 1 Kgs 16:20, 1 Kgs 16:27 (+38 more)
2. excellence, preeminence — Superiority, distinction, or preeminence in quality — an 'excess' of dignity or power. Jacob blesses Reuben as 'preeminent in dignity and preeminent in power' (Gen 49:3), where yeter marks not a leftover but a surpassing quality. Spanish uses 'excelencia,' German 'Vorrang' (precedence). Proverbs 17:7 extends this to speech that is 'excellent' or above what is fitting. The root idea of 'more than' shifts from quantitative remainder to qualitative superiority. 3×
AR["فَاضِلُ", "فَضْلٍ", "وَفَاضِلُ"]·ben["আর-বেশি", "উৎকৃষ্টতার", "বেশি"]·DE["Rest", "Vorrang", "und-Vorrang"]·EN["and-preeminent-in", "excellence", "preeminent-in"]·FR["et-preeminent-dans", "preeminent-dans", "יתר"]·heb["ו-יתר", "יתר"]·HI["और-श्रेष्ठता", "श्रेष्ठ-के", "श्रेष्ठता"]·ID["dan-kelebihan", "kelebihan", "unggul"]·IT["e-preeminent-in", "excellence", "preeminent-in"]·jav["kaluhuran", "lan-langkung", "langkung"]·KO["그리고-넘침이다", "넘침이다", "훌륭한"]·PT["e-excelência-de", "excelência", "excelência-de"]·RU["и-превосходство", "изобильные", "превосходство"]·ES["excelencia", "excelencia-de", "y-excelencia-de"]·SW["akamruka-zaidi", "ubora", "zaidi"]·TR["aşırı-konuşma", "ve-üstün", "üstün"]·urd["اور-بہتر", "بہتر", "فاضل-کے"]
3. surplus, abundance — Surplus, overflow, or abundance beyond what is needed — material excess. The wicked's 'surplus' is consumed by fire (Job 22:20); God fills the bellies of the psalmist's enemies with 'their stored-up treasure' or 'abundance' (Ps 17:14). Spanish oscillates between 'abundancia' and 'lo que sobró' (what was left over), while German reaches for 'Überfluss' (overflow). This sense bridges the gap between remainder and excess. 3×
AR["فَائِضٍ", "فَضْلَهُمْ", "وَ-بَقِيَّتُهُمْ"]·ben["অতিরিক্ত", "এবং-তাদের-অবশিষ্ট", "তাদের-উদ্বৃত্ত"]·DE["ihr-surplus", "und-Rest", "Überfluss"]·EN["abundance", "and-their-abundance", "their-surplus"]·FR["et-leur-ויתרם-eux", "reste"]·heb["ו-יתרם", "יתר", "יתרם"]·HI["अपना-बकाया", "और-उनका-बचा-हुआ", "पूरी-तरह"]·ID["dan-sisa-mereka", "kelebihan-mereka"]·IT["e-e-loro-abundance-loro", "resto"]·jav["kelangkung", "lan-sisih-ipun", "tilas-ipun"]·KO["그리고-그들의-남은-것을", "남은-것-을", "풍성히"]·PT["abundância", "e-sua-abundância", "o-que-sobra"]·RU["и-остаток-их", "избыток", "остаток-свой"]·ES["abundancia", "su-resto", "y-lo-que-sobró-de-ellos"]·SW["kupita-kiasi", "na-masalia-yao", "ziada-yao"]·TR["fazlalıklarını", "fazlasıyla", "ve-fazlalıklarını"]·urd["اور-باقی-اُن-کا", "اپنی-بچت", "زیادتی-سے"]
4. exceedingly, more — Adverbial deployment meaning 'exceedingly' or 'more,' indicating an extraordinary degree. Isaiah 56:12 envisions a tomorrow that will be 'exceedingly greater' than today; Daniel 8:9 describes a horn that grew 'exceedingly' in various directions. Spanish renders this with 'mucho' (very much). Here the noun has become a pure intensifier, retaining the root's sense of 'beyond the norm' while shedding its nominal character. 2×
AR["أَكْثَرُ", "جِدًّا"]·ben["অত্যন্ত", "অধিক"]·DE["Jeter", "Rest"]·EN["exceedingly", "more"]·FR["reste"]·heb["יתר"]·HI["बहुत"]·ID["berlimpah", "sangat-besar"]·IT["resto"]·jav["langkung"]·KO["더욱-", "매우"]·PT["excedentemente", "excesso"]·RU["избыток", "чрезвычайно"]·ES["mucho"]·SW["sana", "zaidi"]·TR["aşırı", "fazla"]·urd["بہت", "زیادہ"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
I. יֶ֫תֶר94 n.m. Ne 2:16 remainder, excess, pre-eminence;—abs. יֶ֫תָר Ne 2:16 + 2times; יָתֶ֑ר Pr 17:7; cstr. יֶתֶ֫ר Gn 49:3 + 84 times; יֶ֫תֶר Is 56:12 (vid. Baer’s note); sf. יִתְרוֹ Is 44:19; יִתְ��ָם Ex 23;11 + 2 times (not Jb 4:21, q.v. sub ii. יֶתֶר);— 1. †a. remainder, remnant (with implied inferiority in number or quality), of crops, etc. יִתְרָם Ex 23:11 (JE), their remnant, i.e. what…