H3463 H3463
yashen -- sleeping, asleep; an adjective describing the state of sleep, literal or figurative
The adjective yashen describes someone in the state of sleep, from Saul lying asleep in his encampment (1 Sam 26:7) to the beloved's drowsy declaration 'I sleep but my heart is awake' (Song 5:2). Beyond literal slumber, the word carries potent figurative weight: Elijah taunts the priests of Baal, suggesting their god is merely 'sleeping' (1 Kgs 18:27), and the psalmist depicts Yahweh awakening 'like one sleeping' to deliver his people (Ps 78:65). Most strikingly, Daniel 12:2 speaks of 'those sleeping in the dust of the earth' -- the dead awaiting resurrection. Spanish dormido, French dormant, and German equivalents all converge on the single idea of sleep, though the theological range from napping to death is remarkable.
Senses
1. sleeping, asleep — Asleep, in the state of sleeping -- used literally of persons in natural slumber (1 Sam 26:7, 12; 1 Kgs 3:20; Song 5:2) and figuratively of apparent divine inactivity (Ps 78:65; 1 Kgs 18:27 of Baal) and of the dead resting in the dust awaiting resurrection (Dan 12:2). The multilingual glosses -- Spanish dormido, French dormant, English sleeping -- uniformly treat this as a single sense, and indeed the figurative extensions all depend on the core image of eyes-closed unconsciousness rather than constituting separate semantic categories. 7×
AR["كَنَائِمٍ", "مِنَ-النَّائِمِينَ", "نائِمٌ", "نَائِمَةٌ", "يَنامُ", "يِشِينَه"]·ben["-মধ্যে-সকালের", "ঘুমন্তের-মতো", "ঘুমায়", "ঘুমিয়ে", "ঘুমিয়ে-ছিলাম", "থেকে-ঘুমন্তদের", "সে-ঘুমাচ্ছে"]·DE["[ישן]", "[ישנה]", "[מישני]", "schlafend", "war-schlafend", "wie-einer-sleeping"]·EN["like-one-sleeping", "of-those-sleeping-in", "sleeping", "sleeps", "was-sleeping"]·FR["comme-dormant", "dormais,", "dormant", "endormi", "fut-dormant"]·heb["ישן", "ישנה", "כ-ישן", "מ-ישני"]·HI["सोई-हुई", "सोता-है", "सोती-थी", "सोनेवाले-की-तरह", "सोनेवालों-में-से", "सोया-हुआ"]·ID["dari-yang-tidur", "seperti-orang-tidur", "tertidur", "tidur"]·IT["[ישן]", "[כישן]", "[מישני]", "dormendo", "era-dormendo", "sleeping"]·jav["kadosdéné-tiyang-saré", "lagi-saré", "saking-tiyang-ingkang-sare", "saré", "tilem", "tukang-roti"]·KO["부터-자는-자들의", "자고-있는", "자고-있었다", "자고있었다", "자는-자-같이", "잠자는-자-이나", "잠자는도다"]·PT["como-quem-dorme", "dorme", "dormindo", "dos-que-dormem-em"]·RU["из-спящих", "как-спящий", "спала", "спит", "сплю", "спящий"]·ES["como-dormido", "dormida", "dormido", "duerme", "durmiendo", "los-que-duermen-en"]·SW["amelala", "amelala-usingizi", "analala", "kama-aliyelala", "na-akamlaza", "nimelala", "wa-walala"]·TR["mi-uyuyanlardan", "uyur", "uyuyan", "uyuyan-gibi", "uyuyor", "uyuyordu", "uyuyordum"]·urd["جیسے-سونے-والا", "سوئی-تھی", "سوئی-ہوئی-تھی", "سوتا-ہے", "سویا-ہوا", "سویا-ہے", "سے-سونے-والوں-میں"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. יָשֵׁן adj. sleeping;—ms. יָשֵׁן 1 S 26:7 + 3 times, fs. יְשֵׁנָה 1 K 3:20; Ct 5:2; pl. יְשֵׁנִים 1 S 26:12 Ct 7:10; cstr. יְשֵׁנֵי Dn 12:2;—asleep, sleeping 1 S 26:7, 12 1 K 3:20 Ct 5:2; 7:10; so, fig., Ho 7:6, expl. as = יֶעְשַׁן smoketh, cf. Dt 29:19, by RSJPhil. xvi. 1888, 72; Proph. iv, n. 19 Che with אַפְּהֶם (Ges§ 91. 1. R. 1 a) for אֹפֵהֶם; but their anger sleepeth; of Baal 1 K 18:27; in sim. of י׳ ψ 78:65; of dead, as sleeping in dust, Dn 12:2.