Sleep and Slumber

† שֵׁנָה, שֵׁנָא, שְׁנָת n.f. sleep;—שֵׁנָה ψ 90:5 + 3 times; שֵׁנָא ψ 127:2, שְׁנָת ψ 132:4 (Ges§ 80 g.h.); cstr. שְׁנַת Je 51:39 + 3 times; שְׁנָתִי Gn 31:40; Je 31:26, etc.; pl. abs. שֵׁנוֹת Pr 6:10; 24:33;—sleep Gn 28:16 (J), Ju 16:14, 20; Pr 3:24; 6:9; 20:13; Ec 5:11 Je 31:26; Zc 4:1; Pr 6:4 (‖ תְּנוּמָה); מְעַט שֵׁנוֹת מְעַט תְּנוּמוֹת Pr 6:10 = 24:33 (these two of sluggard אִישׁ עָצֵל; v. also 6:9; 20:13); note also וַתִּדַּד שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָ֑י Gn 31:40 (E) and my sleep fled from mine eyes; נָֽדֲדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ Est 6:1; וְנִגְזְלָה שְׁנָתָם Pr 4:16; וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dn 2:1; שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Ec 8:16; אִם אֶתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י ψ 132:4 (all of lack of sleep); יִתֵּן לִידִידוֹ שֵׁנָ֑א ψ 127:2 = he giveth to his beloved in sleep, cf. Ges§ 118, 3; of sleep of death (so Arabic وَسَنٌ Dozy ii. 806) Jb 14:12 ψ 90:5 (cf. De Che); so, as acc. cogn., ψ 76:6 Je 51:39, 57 (in these two שְׁנַת־עוֹלָם). יֶשְׁנוֹ v. יֵשׁ.

καθεύδω, so also in Ionic dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+imperfect καθεῦδον Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐκάθευδον Refs 5th c.BC+: future καθευδήσω Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐκαθεύδησα (not in Attic dialect), Refs 2nd c.AD+; infinitive καθευδῆσαι Refs:— lie down to sleep, sleep, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ἀγρυπνέω, ἐγρήγορα, Refs 6th c.BC+; νυκτὸς κ. to sleep by night, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τὰς νύκτας to sleep all one's nights, Refs 3rd c.BC+; μαλακῶς, σκληρῶς κ., Refs 4th c.BC+; of male and female, ἵνα τώ γε καθεύδετον ἐν φιλότητι Refs 8th c.BC+: generally, pass the night, τὴν βουλὴν εἰς ἀκρόπολιν ἰέναι κἀκεῖ κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἐπὶ ξύλου roost, of a fowl, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ τοῦ καθεύδοντος from a sleeping state, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, lie asleep, lie idle, Χερί Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τὸν βίον to be asleep all one's life, sleep away one's life, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐνεργεῖν, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to προσέχειν τοῖς πράγμασι, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 of things, lie still, be at rest, ἐλπίδες οὔπω κ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 of the sleep of death, καθεύδοντες ἐν τάφῳ LXX+NT

† [יָשֵׁן] vb. sleep (NH id.; Aramaic n. ܫܶܢܬܳܐ sleep; Arabic وَسِنَ be sleepy, وَسَنٌ, سِنَةٌ sleep; Assyrian šittu, sleep, DlHWB 246, šunatu, šuttu, dream, Id ib, Flood iv. 22 AsrbAnnals, v R. 2, 97)— Qal Pf. יָשַׁנְתִּי Jb 3:13; וְיָֽשְׁנוּ consec. Je 51:39 + 2 times; Impf. יִישָׁ֑ן Is 5:27 ψ 121:4; וַיִּישַׁן 1 K 19:5, etc.; Inf. cstr. לִישׁוֹן Ec 5:11;—sleep, go to sleep, and be asleep, Gn 2:21 (J), 41:5 (E), Ez 34:25; Jb 3:13 ψ 3:6; 4:9; Pr 4:16; Ec 5:11, also 2 S 4:6 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu, vid. חֹ֫מֶשׁ²" dir="rtl" >חֹמֶשׁ; c. לֹא, of Assyrian army Is 5:27 (‖ נוּם); of Baal 1 K 19:5; of י׳, עוּרָה לָמָּה תִישַׁן אֲדֹנָי ψ 44:24; לֹא יִישָׁ֑ן 121:4 (‖ נוּם); c. acc. cogn. ישׁ׳ שְׁנַת עוֹלָם Je 51:39, 57 (v. שֵׁנָה), of death, cf. אִישַׁן הַמָּוֶת ψ 13:4. Niph . only in deriv. sense of become inactive or stationary; Pf. וְנוֹשַׁנְתֶּם consec. Dt 4:25 and ye be grown old בָּאָרֶץ, i.e. (v. Di Dr) have lost freshness of first impressions; of inanimate things, be old, stale, only Pt. יָשָׁן נוֹשָׁן Lv 26:10 (H), f. צרעת נוֹשֶׁנֶת Lv 13:11 = old leprosy (P); these poss. denom. from יָשָׁן. Pi . causat. Impf. וַתְּיַשְּׁנֵהוּ Ju 16:19 and she made him sleep.

κοιμ-άω, future -ήσω, Doric dialect -άσω [ᾱ]: aorist ἐκοίμησα, Epic dialect κοίμησα Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, future -ήσομαι Refs 1st c.BC+aorist κοιμήσατο, -αντο, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future -ηθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐκοιμήθην Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect κεκοίμημαι Refs 4th c.BC+:—lull, put to sleep, κοίμησον.. Ζηνὸς ὑπ᾽ ὀφρύσιν ὄσσε φαεινώ Refs 8th c.BC+; put to bed, τὸν δ᾽ αὐτοῦ κοίμησε Refs 8th c.BC+; of a hind, ἐν ξυλόχῳ.. νεβροὺς κοιμήσασα Refs __2 metaphorically, still, calm, ἀνέμους, κύματα, Refs 8th c.BC+; also, soothe, assuage, κοίμησον δ᾽ ὀδύνας Refs 8th c.BC+; ᾧ (i.e. φύλλῳ) κοιμῶ τόδ᾽ ἕλκος Refs 5th c.BC+ __II middle and passive, fall asleep, go to bed, Refs 8th c.BC+; of animals, lie down, κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Refs 8th c.BC+; βαθὺν κοιμηθῆναι (i.e. ὕπνον) Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 metaphorically, ὅπως ἂν κοιμηθῇ [τὸ ἐπιθυμητικόν] Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 of the sleep of death, κοιμήσατο χάλκεον ὕπνον Refs 8th c.BC+: absolutely, fall asleep, die, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.4 κοιμῶντο.. παρὰ μνηστῇς ἀλόχοισι Refs 8th c.BC+: hence, of sexual intercourse, lie with another, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.5 keep watch at night, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.6 of things, remain during the night, οὐ μὴ κοιμηθήσεται ὁ μισθὸς παρά σοι ἕως πρωί LXX; ἡ κιβωτὸς ἐκοιμήθη ἐκεῖLXX __II.7 with accusative, dream of, μέταλλα χρύσεια Refs 2nd c.AD+

† I. יָשֵׁן adj. sleeping;—ms. יָשֵׁן 1 S 26:7 + 3 times, fs. יְשֵׁנָה 1 K 3:20; Ct 5:2; pl. יְשֵׁנִים 1 S 26:12 Ct 7:10; cstr. יְשֵׁנֵי Dn 12:2;—asleep, sleeping 1 S 26:7, 12 1 K 3:20 Ct 5:2; 7:10; so, fig., Ho 7:6, expl. as = יֶעְשַׁן smoketh, cf. Dt 29:19, by RSJPhil. xvi. 1888, 72; Proph. iv, n. 19 Che with אַפְּהֶם (Ges§ 91. 1. R. 1 a) for אֹפֵהֶם; but their anger sleepeth; of Baal 1 K 18:27; in sim. of י׳ ψ 78:65; of dead, as sleeping in dust, Dn 12:2.

† [רָדַם] vb. Niph. be in, or fall into, heavy sleep (NH id.; cf. Arabic رَدَمَ stop up (door, gap, etc.), whence perhaps be deaf (stopped up) to sounds, etc.);—Pf. 3 ms. נִרְדַּם Ju 4:21; 1 s. נִרְדַּמְתִּי Dn 8:8; Impf. 3 ms. וַיֵּרָדֵם Jon 1:5; Pt. נִרְדָּם Pr 10:5 + 3 times;—be or fall fast asleep: Ju 4:21; Jon 1:5 (after וַיִּשְׁכַּב), v 6 (pt., Ges§ 120b DaSynt. § 70(a)); pt. as subst. נִרְדָּם בַּקָּצִיר Pr 10:5; of sleep of death ψ 76:7; stunning effect of awe and dread Dn 8:18; 10:9 (both + אָ֑רְצָה [וּפָנַי] עַל־פָּנַי).

† תַּרְדֵּמָה n.f. deep sleep;—abs. ת׳ Gn 2:21 +; cstr. תַּרְדֵּמַת 1 S 26:12;—deep sleep, usually c. נָפַל + עַל pers., and usually by supernat. agency: וַיַּפֵּל י׳ א׳ ת׳ עַל Gn 2:21 (J; 𝔊 ἔκστασις), ת׳ נָֽפְלָה עַל 15:12 (J; 𝔊 id.), Jb 4:13 = 33:15 (𝔊 [δεινὸς] φόβος), so תַּרְדֵּמַת י׳ 1 S 26:12 (𝔊 θάμβος), result of slothfulness (על and pers. om.) Pr 19:15; fig. for insensibility of spirit, נָסַךְ עֲלֵיכֶם י׳ רוּחַ ת׳ Is 29:10.

ὕπνος, ὁ, sleep, slumber, Refs 8th c.BC+; of the sleep of death, κοιμήσατο χάλκεον ὕ. Refs 8th c.BC+ — Special phrases: __I of going to sleep, μιν ἐπήλυθε.. ὕ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐν ὕπνῳ or ὕπνῳ πεσεῖν to fall a-sleep, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὕπνῳ γ᾽ ἐνδόντα (so Badham for εὕδοντά) μ᾽ ἐξεγείρετε Refs; also ὕπνῳ δεδμημένος, δαμείς, Refs 8th c.BC+; νικώμενος, κρατηθεῖσ᾽, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 of waking from sleep, ἐγεῖραί τινα ἐξ ὕπνου Refs 8th c.BC+: of the sleeper, ἀνόρουσε, ἔγρετο, ἐξ ὕ. Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.3 with Preps., when the plural also is not uncommon, ἐν ὕπνῳ in sleep, in a dream, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν τοῖς ὕ.Refs 5th c.BC+; καθ᾽ ὕπνον ὄντα Refs 5th c.BC+; καθ᾽ ὕπνον, κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους, Refs 1st c.AD+; περὶ πρῶτον ὕ. about one's first sleep, Refs 5th c.BC+: plural, dreams, ὕ. ἀγένητοι Refs 1st c.BC+ __II Sleep, as a god, twinbrother of Death, Refs 8th c.BC+, son of Night without father. [ῠ by nature, Refs 4th c.BC+; ῡ by position in Epic dialect, etc.] (Cf. Sanskrit svápati 'sleep', substantive svápnas 'sleep, dream'; Latin somnus, sopor, etc.)

† נוּם vb. be drowsy, slumber (NH נוּם, נִמְנֵם id.; Aramaic נוּם, ܢܳܡ; Arabic ((نوم) نَامَ) id.; Ethiopic ኖመ );— Qal Pf. 3 pl. נָמ֫וּ Na 3:18 ψ 76:6 (Ges§ 72 l); Impf. יָנוּם ψ 121:3 + 2 times; 3 fs. וַתָּ֫נָם 2 S 4:6 (so read for ℌ וַיַּכֻּהו, with other radical changes, 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); Inf. cstr. לָנוּם Is 56:10.—be drowsy, slumber, lit. וַתָּנָם וַתִּישָׁ֑ן 2 S 4:6 (emend., v. supr.) and she grew drowsy and slept; fig. of inactivity, indolence, Is 5:27 (‖ ישׁן), ψ 121:3, 4 (of י׳; ‖ id.); Na 3:18 (‖ שָׁכֵן); אֹהֲבֵי לָנ׳ Is 56:10 (‖ שָׁכַב); sq. acc. cogn. שֵׁנָה ψ 76:6 (of death, ‖ נִרְדַּם).

† תְּנוּמָה n.f. slumber;—abs. ψ 132:4 Pr 6:4; pl. תְּנוּמוֹת Pr 6:10 + 2 times;—slumber as time of visions Jb 33:15 (‖ תַּרְדֵּמָה); of indolent slumber ψ 132:4 (‖ שְׁנָת) Pr 6:4 (‖ שׁנה) in both c. נָתַן, sq. acc. + לְ; 6:10; 24:33 (both ‖ שׁנות, שׁכב).

νυστ-άζω, future -άξω LXX: aorist ἐνύσταξα LXX+4th c.BC+:— mostly present, to be half asleep, doze, νυστάζοντα οὐδένα ἂν ἴδοις Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχὶ νυστάζειν ἔτι ὥρα ’στίν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔν τινι in a thing, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 hang the head, ἐδάκρυσεν καὶ ἐνύστασε Refs.with (Cf. Lithuanian snústi (stem snúd-) 'grow drowsy'.)

ἀφυπν-όω, awake from sleep, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II fall asleep, NT+7th c.AD+:—middle, Refs 3rd c.AD+

κατά-νυξις, εως, ἡ, stupefaction, bewilderment, LXX __2 contrition, Refs 6th c.AD+

† [נְדוּד] n.[m.] tossing of sleeplessness, only pl. נְדֻדִים Jb 7:4 I am sated with tossings.

† נוּמָה n.f. somnolence, fig. for indolence, Pr 23:21.

† II. [שְׁנָה] n.f. sleep (𝔗 Syriac);—sf. שִׁנְּתֵהּ (K§ 12 d)), var. שִׁנְתֵּהּ Dn 6:19.—i. [שְׁנָה] v. [שְׁנָא].

† שֵׁנָה, שֵׁנָא, שְׁנָת n.f. sleep;—שֵׁנָה ψ 90:5 + 3 times; שֵׁנָא ψ 127:2, שְׁנָת ψ 132:4 (Ges§ 80 g.h.); cstr. שְׁנַת Je 51:39 + 3 times; שְׁנָתִי Gn 31:40; Je 31:26, etc.; pl. abs. שֵׁנוֹת Pr 6:10; 24:33;—sleep Gn 28:16 (J), Ju 16:14, 20; Pr 3:24; 6:9; 20:13; Ec 5:11 Je 31:26; Zc 4:1; Pr 6:4 (‖ תְּנוּמָה); מְעַט שֵׁנוֹת מְעַט תְּנוּמוֹת Pr 6:10 = 24:33 (these two of sluggard אִישׁ עָצֵל; v. also 6:9; 20:13); note also וַתִּדַּד שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָ֑י Gn 31:40 (E) and my sleep fled from mine eyes; נָֽדֲדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ Est 6:1; וְנִגְזְלָה שְׁנָתָם Pr 4:16; וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dn 2:1; שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Ec 8:16; אִם אֶתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י ψ 132:4 (all of lack of sleep); יִתֵּן לִידִידוֹ שֵׁנָ֑א ψ 127:2 = he giveth to his beloved in sleep, cf. Ges§ 118, 3; of sleep of death (so Arabic وَسَنٌ Dozy ii. 806) Jb 14:12 ψ 90:5 (cf. De Che); so, as acc. cogn., ψ 76:6 Je 51:39, 57 (in these two שְׁנַת־עוֹלָם). יֶשְׁנוֹ v. יֵשׁ.