H3344 H3344
To burn or be kindled; as a noun, a hearth or place of burning where fire is kept alive.
A verb of burning and kindling with strong cognate support across the Semitic family -- Aramaic yeqad, Syriac yiqed, and Arabic waqada all mean 'to burn.' In Scripture it carries intense theological freight: God's wrath burns down to Sheol (Deut 32:22), divine judgment is kindled like fire (Isa 10:16), and a perpetual flame must be kept burning on the altar (Lev 6:9, 12-13). The single nominal use in Isaiah 30:14 gives us yaqud, the hearth or fireplace from which coals are scooped -- a concrete domestic image amid a passage of shattering judgment.
Senses
1. burn, be kindled — The verbal sense of burning or being kindled, spanning Qal, Hophal, and related conjugations. Leviticus 6:9, 12-13 prescribes the perpetual altar fire that 'shall be kept burning' (tuqad). Deuteronomy 32:22 and Isaiah 10:16 deploy the root for divine wrath that burns unquenchably. Isaiah 65:5 describes God's displeasure as a fire 'burning all day.' Arabic waqada and Aramaic yeqad confirm the core meaning across the Semitic languages, and Spanish ardera / encendera consistently renders the kindling-to-blazing progression. 8×
AR["تَوقَدُ","تُوقَدُ","مُتَقِّدَةٌ","وَتَتَّقِدُ","يَتَّقِدُ"]·ben["এবং-জ্বলবে","জ্বলন্ত","জ্বলবে","জ্বলুক","জ্বলুক-"]·DE["[יקד]","[יקדת]","[תוקד]","soll-sein-bewahrte-burning","soll-sein-bewahrte-burning-","soll-verbrennen","und-verbrennt"]·EN["and-burns","burning","it-will-burn","shall-be-kept-burning","shall-be-kept-burning-","shall-burn","will-be-kindled"]·FR["[יקד]","[יקדת]","[תוקד]","devra-brûler","devra-être-garda-brûlant","devra-être-garda-brûlant-","et-burns"]·heb["ו-תיקד","יוקדת","ייקד","תוקד"]·HI["और-जलेगी","जलती-रहे","जलती-रहेगी","जलती-हुई","जलेगा","जलेगी"]·ID["akan-menyala","dan-berkobar","menyala","yang-menyala"]·IT["bruciare","dovra-bruciare","dovra-essere-custodi-burning","dovra-essere-custodi-burning-","e-brucia"]·jav["badhé-mblabag","badhé-murub","dipunurupaken","dipunurupaken-","ingkang-murub","lan-ngobong"]·KO["그리고-타리라","불타게-하시리라","타는","타오르라","타오르라-","타오리라"]·PT["acenderá","arderá","arderá.","e-queimará","que-arde"]·RU["будет-гореть","будет-гореть-","возгорится","горящий","и-горит"]·ES["arderá","encenderá","que-arde","y-arderá"]·SW["na-utawaka","unaowaka","utawaka","utawashwa","utawashwa-"]·TR["ve-yanıyor","yanacak","yanan","yanık-tutulacak","yanık-tutulacak-"]·urd["اور-جلےگی","بھڑکے-گی","جلتی-رہے","جلتی-رہے-گی","جلتی-ہوئی","جلے-گی"]
2. hearth, burning-place — A nominal derivative, yaqud, meaning 'hearth' or 'burning-place' -- the location where fire is maintained. Isaiah 30:14 uses miyaqud ('from the hearth') in a vivid simile: Jerusalem's destruction will be so thorough that not a shard will remain large enough to scoop fire from the hearth. This concrete, domestic sense -- a fixed place of burning rather than the act of burning itself -- is lexically distinct, giving the root a verbal-to-nominal semantic extension paralleled by Arabic mawqid ('fireplace'). 1×
AR["مِنَ-الْمَوْقِدِ"]·ben["চূল্লি-থেকে"]·DE["[מיקוד]"]·EN["from-the-hearth"]·FR["[מיקוד]"]·heb["מ-יקוד"]·HI["से-चूल्हे"]·ID["dari-perapian"]·IT["bruciare"]·jav["saking-pakuburan"]·KO["에서-화덕에서"]·PT["da-fogueira"]·RU["из-очага"]·ES["de-hogar"]·SW["kutoka-makaa"]·TR["ocaktan"]·urd["چولھے-سے"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H3701 1. silver (the metal) (391×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H0216 1. light (general / metaphorical) (116×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)H1270 1. iron (metal, tools, weapons; fig. strength/hardness) (76×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)G3037 1. stone / rock (59×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6697 1. rock, cliff, crag (49×)H3001 1. be dry, wither (intransitive) (45×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [יָקַד] vb. be kindled, burn (Aramaic יְקַד, ܝܺܩܶܕ, burn, intrans.; Arabic وَقَدَ, id.)— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יֵקַד Is 10:16; 3 fs. וַתִּיקַד Dt 32:22; Pt. act. f. יֹקֶ֫דֶת Is 65:5; pass. יָקוּד 30:14;—be kindled, fig. of judgment, יֵקַד יְקֹד כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁ Is 10:16; so burn, Dt 32:22 a fire hath been kindled (קָֽדְחָה) in my wrath, וַתִּיקַד עַד־שְׁאוֹל and it burneth unto Sheʾôl; fig. of people…