H3001 H3001
To be dry or wither; causatively, to dry up; by extension (Hifil), to be put to shame.
Yavesh covers a vivid physical reality — the drying of water, the withering of vegetation, the parching of land — and then makes a surprising semantic leap into the realm of shame. In its basic Qal form it describes the Jordan's waters drying up (Josh 4:23), grass withering under scorching wind (1 Kgs 17:7), and Ezekiel's vision of dry bones (Ezek 37:11). The Hifil causative has God as its characteristic subject: 'He dried up the Red Sea' (Josh 2:10). But the same Hifil form also means 'to put to shame' (Jer 6:15; 2 Sam 19:5), perhaps because shame makes a person shrivel and wither socially, just as drought shrivels a plant. The Syriac cognate and Arabic yabisa both preserve the physical drying sense.
1. be dry, wither (intransitive) — The intransitive sense of becoming dry, drying up, or withering — said of water sources (Gen 8:7, 14), vegetation (Isa 19:7; Ezek 17:10), bones (Ezek 37:11), and hands (1 Kgs 13:4). This is the Qal and Nifal usage where no external agent is named; things simply lose their moisture and vitality. The image is foundational in biblical poetry: 'the grass withers, the flower fades' (Isa 40:7). French 'dessécher' and Spanish 'secarse' both carry this reflexive, intransitive drying. 45×
AR["تَيْبَسُ","جَفَّ","جَفَّتْ","فَيَبِسُوا","وَ-يَبِسَ","وَيَبِسَتْ","يَبِسَ","يَبِسَتْ","يَبِسُ","يَيْبَسُ"]·ben["আর-শুকিয়ে-গেল","এবং-শুকিয়ে-গেছে","শুকিয়ে-গেছে","শুকিয়ে-গেল","শুকিয়ে-যাবে","শুকিয়ে-যাবে।","শুকিয়ে-যায়"]·DE["und-verdorren","und-vertrocknete","verdorren","vertrocknete"]·EN["Withers","and-they-wither","and-withered","are-dried-up","dried","is-dried-up","it-shall-wither","shall-wither","will-dry-up","wither"]·FR["dessécher","desséché","et-dessécher","et-se-dessécher"]·heb["הוביש","הובישה","ו-יבשו","ו-ייבש","יבש","יבשו","ייבש","תייבש"]·HI["और-सूख-गईं","और-सूख-गए","और-सूख-गया","सूख-गई","सूख-गई-हैं","सूख-गईं","सूख-गए","सूख-गया","सूख-जाएगा","सूख-जाएगी","सूखता-है","सूखेंगे","सूखेगी","सूखेगी-वह","हड्डियाँ"]·ID["Kering","akan-layu","akan-mengering","dan-layu","dan-mereka-layu","ia-akan-layu","kering","kering,","layu","mengering,"]·IT["e-seccare","e-secco","seccare"]·jav["Garing","badhé-garing","garing","lan-garing"]·KO["그리고-마르리라","그리고-말랐다","그리고-말랐도다","마르고","마른도다","말라리라","말라리오","말랐고","말랐다","말랐으니라","말랐으며","말랐음-이라"]·PT["Secaram","e-ressequido","e-secaram","seca","secaram","secará","secará?","secarão","secou"]·RU["высохла","высохли","высохло","засох","засохла","засохли","засохло","засохнет","засохнут","и-засохли","и-иссохло","иссохли"]·ES["Se-seca","Se-secaron","se-secaron","se-secará","se-secarán","se-secó","seca","y-se-secaron","y-seco"]·SW["Hukauka","imekauka","na-kukauka","na-watakauka","umekauka","utakauka","vitakauka","yamekauka","yatakauka","zimekauka"]·TR["Kuruyor","filizinin","kurudu","kurudular","kuruyacak","ona","soldu","ve-kurudu","ve-kurudular"]·urd["اور-خشک-ہو-گیا","اور-سوکھ-گئیں","اور-وہ-سوکھ-گئے","خشک-جاتی-ہے","خشک-ہو-گئیں","سوکھ-جائیں-گے","سوکھ-جائے-گی","سوکھ-گئی","سوکھ-گئیں","سوکھ-گئے","سوکھ-گیا","سکھا-دے-گی"]
Gen 8:7, Gen 8:14, Josh 9:5, Josh 9:12, 1 Kgs 13:4, 1 Kgs 17:7, Job 8:12, Job 12:15, Job 14:11, Job 18:16, Ps 22:15, Ps 90:6 (+33 more)
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
2. cause to dry up (causative) — The causative sense (Hifil and Piel) of making something dry — God drying up the Red Sea (Josh 2:10), the Jordan (Josh 4:23), or the rivers of Egypt (Isa 19:5). The subject is typically God exercising sovereign power over water and vegetation, either in judgment or deliverance. German 'trocknete hinauf' captures the upward, complete removal of water that characterizes these divine acts. Job 15:30 extends it to fire drying up the wicked's shoots. 15×
AR["أَيْبَسَ","أَيْبَسْتُ","أُجَفِّفُ","أُيَبِّسُ","تُجَفِّفُ-","تُيَبِّسُ","جَفَّفَ","جَفَّفَهُ","جَفَّفْتَ","وَأُنَشِّفُ","وَتَجَفُّ","وَيُجَفِّفُهُ"]·ben["আর-আমি-শুষ্ক-করব","এবং-তিনি-শুকিয়ে-দেন-তাকে","এবং-শুকিয়ে-যাবে","শুকাব","শুকিয়ে-দিয়েছি","শুকিয়ে-দিয়েছিলেন","শুকিয়ে-দিল","শুকিয়ে-দেব","শুকিয়ে-দেবে","শুকিয়ে-দেয়","শুকিয়েছিলে"]·DE["Er-trocknete-hinauf","trocknete-hinauf","und-verdorren","und-vertrocknete","verdorren","vertrocknete"]·EN["He-dried-up","I-will-dry-up","and-I-will-make-dry","and-he-dries-it-up","and-will-dry-up","dried-up","dries-up","have-dried-up"]·FR["Il-sécha-en-haut","dessécher","et-dessécher","le-se-dessécher","se-dessécher","séché"]·heb["אוביש","הוביש","הובשת","הובשתי","ו-הובישו","ו-הובשתי","ו-ייבשהו","תייבש","תייבש־"]·HI["और-सुखा-दूँगा","और-सुखाता-है-उसे","और-सूख-जाएंगी","सुखा-दिया","सुखाउंगा-मैं","सुखाएगी","सुखाती-है","सुखाया","सुखाया-मैंने"]·ID["Aku-akan-mengeringkan","Aku-keringkan","Aku-mengeringkan","dan-Aku-akan-mengeringkan","dan-akan-mengering","dan-mengeringkannya,","dikeringkan","mengeringkan"]·IT["Egli-dried-su","e-seccare","seccare","seccossi","si-prosciugò"]·jav["Ingsun-badhé-nggaring","Panjenengan-sampun-ngeringaken","dipunasataken","lan-Ingsun-badhé-ngasataken","lan-ngasat","lan-ngisinaké","ngagringaken","ngasataken","nggaringaken","sampun-nggaringaken"]·KO["그리고-내가-마르게-하리라","그리고-마르리라","그리고-말리시고","말렸다","말리느니라-","말리리라","말리셨나이다"]·PT["e-o-secou","e-secarei","e-secarão","seca-","secarei","secará","secaste","secou","sequei"]·RU["и-высохнут","и-иссушающий-его","и-осушу","иссушает-","иссушил","иссушил-Ты","иссушит","иссушу"]·ES["seca","secará","secaré","secaste","secó","sequé","y-haré-secar","y-lo-seca","y-se-secarán"]·SW["alikausha","alivyoukausha","inakausha","na-anaifikisha","na-nitaikausha","na-yatakauka","nimekausha","nitaikausha","nitakausha","ulikausha","uliukausha","yatakaushwa-na"]·TR["kurutacagim","kurutttu","kuruttu","kurutum","kurutun","kurutur","kurutur-","mersinlerin-","ve-kurutacağım","ve-kurutur-onu"]·urd["اور-اُسے-خشک-کر-دیتا-ہے","اور-خشک-کروں-گا","اور-سوکھ-جائیں-گے","تُو-نے-خشک-کیا","خشک-کرتی-ہے-","سُکھایا","سُکھایا-ہے","سکھا-دوں-گا","سکھا-دیا","سکھا-دے-گی","میں-سُکھا-دوں-گا","میں-سکھا-دوں-گا"]
3. be put to shame — The metaphorical Hifil sense of being put to shame or causing shame — a striking semantic extension where social humiliation is likened to physical withering. Jeremiah asks 'were they ashamed?' (Jer 6:15; 8:12) using this same root, and 2 Sam 19:5 reports that Joab's men were 'put to shame.' The connection between drying and shame may lie in the visible shrinking and loss of vitality that both experiences share — the shamed person wilts like a plant without water. Spanish 'avergonzado' and the broader translation pattern confirm this as a distinct sense. 13×
AR["أَخْزَيْتَ","خَزُوا","خَزِيَ","خَزِيَت","خَزِيَتِ","خَزِيَتْ","خُزِيَ","خُزِيَتْ","وَيُخْزُونَ"]·ben["আপনি-লজ্জিত-করলেন","এবং-লজ্জিত-করবে","তারা-কি-লজ্জিত-হয়েছে","লজ্জিত-করেছে","লজ্জিত-হয়","লজ্জিত-হয়েছে"]·DE["du-habe-shamed","und-vertrocknete","verdorren","vertrocknete"]·EN["Are-they-ashamed","Is-put-to-shame","and-they-will-put-to-shame","are-put-to-shame","is-put-to-shame","they-are-put-to-shame","was-put-to-shame","you-have-shamed"]·FR["dessécher","et-dessécher","tu-ai-shamed"]·heb["הוביש","הובישה","הובישו","הובשת","ו-הובישו"]·HI["उन्हें-लज्जित-होना-चाहिए-था","और-वे-लज्जित-करेंगे","तूने-लज्जित-किया","लज्जित-किया","लज्जित-हुआ","लज्जित-हुई","लज्जित-हुईं","लज्जित-है","लज्जित-होता-है"]·ID["Apakah-mereka-malu","Dipermalukan","dan-mereka-akan-mempermalukan","dipermalukan","engkau-mempermalukan","malu","mereka-malu","telah-dipermalukan","telah-memalukan"]·IT["e-seccare","seccare","tu-avere-svergognò"]·jav["Piyambakipun-sami-isin","isin","kawirangan","lan-ngisinaké","panjenengan-wirangaken","wirang"]·KO["그리고-수치를-당하리라","부끄러워하였다","부끄러워하였다-그것들이","부끄러워한다","부끄러워했는가","부끄러웠다","부끄럽게-했나이다","수치스럽게-했다"]·PT["Envergonharam-se","Envergonhou-se","e-envergonharão","envergonhaste","envergonhou","envergonhou-se"]·RU["Посрамлена","Посрамлён","и-посрамят","осрамилась","посрамлен","посрамлена","посрамлены","посрамлён","постыдил","устыдились-ли"]·ES["Fueron-avergonzados","avergonzada","avergonzado","avergonzados","avergonzaste","fue-avergonzada","se-avergüenza","y-avergonzarán","¿Se-avergonzaron"]·SW["Imeaibishwa","ameaibika","ameaibishwa","imeaibishwa","na-watawaaibishia","umewaaibisha","wameaibishwa","zimeaibishwa"]·TR["utandı","utandılar","utandılar-mı","utandırdı","utandırıldı","utanç-verdin","ve-utandıracaklar"]·urd["اور-شرمندہ-کریں-گے","تُو-نے-شرمندہ-کیا","شرمندہ-کیا","شرمندہ-ہوئی","شرمندہ-ہوئے","شرمندہ-ہوا","شرمندہ-ہوتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H3701 1. silver (the metal) (391×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H0216 1. light (general / metaphorical) (116×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)H1270 1. iron (metal, tools, weapons; fig. strength/hardness) (76×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)G3037 1. stone / rock (59×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6697 1. rock, cliff, crag (49×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. יָבֵשׁ vb. be dry, dried up, withered (NH id. (rare), 𝔗 יְבֵישׁ, chiefly Pa. Ithp., Syriac ܢܺܒܶܫ; Sab. Palm. deriv.; Arabic يَبِسَ; Ethiopic የብሰ )— Qal Pf. 2 ms. יָבֵשׁ Jos 9:5 + 8 times; וְיָבֵשׁ consec. Is 19:5 + 4 times; 3 fs. יָֽבְשָׁה Gn 8:14; 3 pl. יָֽבְשׁוּ Je 23:10 + 2 times; יָבֵ֑שׁוּ 50:38 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יִבַשׁ Is 19:7; יִיבָ֑שׁ Je 12:4 Jb 8:12; וַיִּיבַשׁ 1 K 17:7;…