H3052 H3052
To give, grant, bestow; passively, to be given; also to hand over, deliver up, and to place or set in position.
This Aramaic verb yehab is the standard word for 'give' in the biblical Aramaic portions of Ezra and Daniel, functioning as the semantic equivalent of Hebrew natan. Its range mirrors the breadth you would expect of a basic transfer verb: God 'gives' kingdoms to whomever he wills (Dan 2:21, 37), temple vessels are 'given back' to Jerusalem (Ezra 5:14), and bodies are 'given over' to the fiery furnace (Dan 3:28). The Syriac cognate is identical, and Arabic a'ta preserves the same core. What makes yehab linguistically interesting is its clean split between active bestowal (Pe'al) and passive reception (Pe'il/Hitpe'el), a distinction Spanish marks clearly with dio versus fue-dado and German with geben versus gegeben-werden. A single occurrence at Ezra 5:16 stretches the word into 'placing' foundations — a spatial sense that Arabic wadha'a and German legen confirm as a genuine semantic extension beyond transfer.
Senses
1. to be given, be granted — Passive forms meaning 'to be given, be granted' — 15 occurrences in the Nifal/Hitpael, covering royal decrees that are issued, temple funds that are allocated, and provisions that are supplied from the royal treasury. In Ezra 6:4 expenses 'shall be given' from the king's house; in Ezra 6:8-9 specific materials are 'to be given' to the Jewish elders. Spanish fue-dada and German gegeben distinguish this passive cluster cleanly from the active senses, and the Aramaic passive participle mityehab confirms the grammaticalized nature of this voice distinction. 15×
AR["أُعْطِيَ","أُعْطِيَتْ","المُعْطاة","تُعْطَى","وَ-أُعْطِيَ","وَ-أُعْطِيَتْ","وَ-سُلِّمَتْ","يُعْطَى"]·ben["আর-দেওয়া-হল","এবং-দেওয়া-হয়েছে","এবং-দেওয়া-হল","দেওয়া-হচ্ছে","দেওয়া-হত","দেওয়া-হল","দেওয়া-হোক"]·DE["[ויהיבו]","[מתיהב]","[מתיהבא]","[מתיהבין]","[תתיהב]","geben","und-geben"]·EN["and-given","and-it-was-given","are-given","being-given","given","let-be-given","let-it-be-given","was-given","will-be-given"]·FR["donner","et-donner"]·heb["ו-יהיבו","ו-ניתנה","יינתן","מתיהב","מתיהבא","מתיהבין","ניתן","ניתנה","תתיהב"]·HI["और-दिया-गया","और-दे-दिया-गया-है","और-वे-दिए-गए","दिए-जाते-हैं","दिया-गया","दिया-जाए","दिया-जाता-रहे","दी-जाएगी","दी-जाती-थी","यह-दिया-जाना-है"]·ID["biarlah-diberikan","dan-diberikan","diberikan"]·IT["dare","e-dare"]·jav["badhé-dipunparingaken","dhateng-piyambakipun","dipun-caosaken","dipun-paringaken","dipunparingi","lan-dipunparingaken"]·KO["그리고-넘겨졌다","그리고-주어졌나이다","그리고-주어졌다","주어졌다","주어지다","주어지라","주어질것이다","줄-것이다"]·PT["dadas","dado","e-foi-dado","e-foi-entregue","e-foram-dados","era-dado","estão-sendo-dados","foi-dada","foi-dado","que-seja-dada","seja-dado","serão-dados"]·RU["да-будут-даны","даваемо","даваемы","давались","дан","дана","дано","даны","и-даны","и-отдано","пусть-дастся"]·ES["dado","era-dado","fue-dada","fue-dado","le-sea-dado","sea-dado","te-son-dados","y-fue-entregada","y-fueron-dados","y-ha-sido-dado"]·SW["alipewa","alitolewa","ililipwa","ilitolewa","inatolewa","itolewe","na-ulitolewa","na-umepewa","na-vikapewa","ulipewa","ulitolewa","utapewa","utatolewa","vimepewa"]·TR["ve-verildi","verildi","verilecek","verilen","veriliyordu","verilsin"]·urd["اور-دی-گئی-ہے","اور-دیا-گیا","اور-دیے-گئے","دی","دی-جائے-گی","دی-گئی","دیا-جائے","دیا-جاتا","دیا-جاتا-تھا","دیا-گیا","دیے-جاتے-ہیں"]
2. to give, bestow — Active Pe'al sense: to give, bestow, grant — 9 occurrences concentrated in Daniel's court narratives where God is the subject. God 'gives' wisdom and might (Dan 2:21), 'has given' Nebuchadnezzar his kingdom (Dan 2:37-38), and Daniel acknowledges 'you have given me wisdom' (Dan 2:23). The imperative hab at Daniel 5:17 ('give your rewards to another') rounds out this active-agent cluster. Spanish dio/da and Korean juда consistently select active-giving vocabulary, confirming the boundary against the passive sense. 9×
AR["أَعْطَاهَا-","أَعْطَى","أَعْطَى-","أَعْطَيْتَ","أَعْطِ","يُعْطُونَ","يُعْطِي"]·ben["দাও","দিয়েছিলেন","দিয়েছিলেন-","দিয়েছেন","দিয়েছেন-","দিলেন-","দেন","দেবে"]·DE["geben"]·EN["He-gave-","He-has-given","You-have-given","gave","gave-","give","gives","giving","has-given-"]·FR["donner"]·heb["נותן","נותנים","נתן","נתת","תן"]·HI["दिया","दिया-है","दी-गई","दी-है","दीं","दे","देता-है","देते-थे"]·ID["Dia-menyerahkan","Engkau-berikan","berikanlah","diberikan","memberikan"]·IT["dare"]·jav["Panjenengan-paring","Panjenenganipun-paring","dipunparingi-","maringi","paring-","paringna","sami-maringi"]·KO["주는","주셨다","주셨다-","주셨었나이다","주소서","주신-","주신다","주었다-"]·PT["dando","deste","deu","deu-","dá"]·RU["дай","дал","дал-","дал-Ты","дающие","дающий"]·ES["da","dando","dio","ha-dado","le-dio","me-has-dado"]·SW["akampa","alimpa-","alitoa","amekupa","ameweka","anatoa","toa","umenipa","wakitoa"]·TR["ver","verdi","verdi-","verdin","verenler","verir"]·urd["دی-تو-نے","دی-گئی-","دیا","دیتے","دینے-والا","دے-دے"]
3. to hand over, deliver up — To hand over, deliver up, surrender — 3 occurrences where the giving involves yielding control or persons to another's power. God 'gave' the temple vessels into Nebuchadnezzar's hand (Ezra 5:12), Shadrach and companions 'gave up' their bodies to the fire (Dan 3:28), and in Daniel 7:25 the saints are 'given into' the hand of the little horn. Spanish entregaron and the Hebrew-Aramaic construction with be-yad ('into the hand of') both signal that this is coercive transfer rather than benevolent bestowal, marking a real sense boundary. 3×
AR["أَسْلَمَ","وَ-أَعْطَوْا","وَ-يُسَلَّمُونَ"]·ben["এবং-দিয়েছিল","এবং-দেওয়া-হবে","দিলেন"]·DE["[יהב]","und-geben"]·EN["and-gave","and-they-will-be-given","gave"]·FR["donner","et-donner"]·heb["ו-יינתנו","ו-נתנו","יהב"]·HI["उसने-दिया","और-दिए-जाएँगे","और-दे-दिया"]·ID["Dia-menyerahkan","dan-menyerahkan","dan-mereka-diserahkan"]·IT["dare","e-dare"]·jav["lan-badhé-dipunpasrahaken","lan-paring","maringi"]·KO["그리고-내주었다","그리고-넘겨질것이다","주셨다"]·PT["deu","e-deram","e-serão-entregues"]·RU["и-отдали","и-отданы-будут","отдал"]·ES["dio","y-entregaron","y-serán-entregados"]·SW["aliwatoa","na-wakatoa","na-watatolewa"]·TR["ve-verdiler","ve-verilecekler","verdi"]·urd["اور-دیے-جائیں-گے","اور-دے-دیا","دیا"]
4. to place, set, lay — To place, set, lay — a single occurrence at Ezra 5:16 where Sheshbazzar 'laid' the foundations of the Jerusalem temple. Here yehab extends beyond transfer-of-possession into spatial positioning: something is put in a location rather than given to a person. The Nabataean cognate confirms this 'place' meaning (Cooke 102), and Spanish puso ('placed') and English 'laid' both select position-vocabulary distinct from 'give.' This represents a genuine semantic extension at the periphery of the verb's range. 1×
AR["وَضَعَ"]·ben["দিলেন"]·DE["[יהב]"]·EN["laid"]·FR["donner"]·heb["יהב"]·ID["meletakkan"]·IT["dare"]·jav["masang"]·KO["놓았다"]·PT["colocou"]·RU["положил"]·ES["puso"]·SW["akaweka"]·TR["koydu"]·urd["رکھی"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† יְהַב vb. give (𝔗 Syriac; cf. BH);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. י׳ Ezr 5:12 +; 2 ms. יְהַבְתְּ Dn 2:23; 3 mpl. וִיהַ֫בוּ 3:28; Imv. ms. הַב (K§ 11, 3. a)) 5:17; Pt. act. יָהֵב 2:21, pl. יָֽהֲבִין 6:3;— 1. give, acc. rei + ל pers. Dn 2:48; 5:17, also (subj. God) 2:21, 23, 37, 38; 5:18, 19; give report 6:3 (ל pers.); give over, acc. pers. + בְּיַד (יַד 2) Ezr 5:12 (subj. God); give up, surrender Dn 3:28…