דָּחָה H1760a
To push, thrust, drive away by force; (Nifal ptc.) outcast, banished one; (passive) be toppled, thrust down.
A verb of forceful physical impact -- pushing, shoving, driving someone off their feet. In Psalm 118:13, the psalmist cries 'You pushed me hard so that I was falling,' using the infinitive absolute for emphasis. The Nifal participle becomes a poignant noun: the 'outcasts' of Israel whom God promises to gather (Isa 11:12; 56:8; Ps 147:2). In its passive forms, the verb describes being toppled or overthrown -- the wicked 'thrust down' in their calamity (Prov 14:32), or a tottering wall about to collapse (Ps 62:4). Arabic daha ('to throw, propel') preserves the root's kinetic energy, while Korean 'chochyeonan ja' (the expelled one) captures the exilic overtone of the Nifal participle.
Senses
1. Qal: push, thrust, drive away — Active pushing, thrusting, or driving away a person by physical force. Psalm 118:13 uses the doubled infinitive absolute for violent shoving ('you pushed me hard, to make me fall'), and Psalm 140:5 describes schemes 'to push aside my feet.' Arabic daha ('to throw, propel') and Spanish empujar both preserve the raw kinetic force of this sense. 4×
AR["دَفعًا", "دَفَعتَني", "لِـ-يُزِيحُوا", "يَطْرُدُهُم"]·ben["তাড়িয়ে-দিক", "তুমি-ধাক্কা-দিয়েছ", "ধাক্কা-দিয়ে", "হোঁচট-খাওয়াতে"]·DE["driving-weg", "du-pushed-mich", "pushing", "zu-push-aside"]·EN["driving-away", "pushing", "to-push-aside", "you-pushed-me"]·FR["[דוחה]", "[דחה]", "[דחיתני]", "[לדחות]"]·heb["דוחה", "דחוה", "דחיתני", "ל-דחות"]·HI["गिराने", "धकेलते", "धकेला-मुझे", "धकेले"]·ID["engkau-mendorong-aku", "sangat", "untuk-menjatuhkan"]·IT["spinse"]·jav["Sundhul", "ingkang-nyundhang", "kanggo-nyorongaken", "kula-dipunsundhul"]·KO["밀어내게", "밀쳤도다-나-를", "밀침-을-당하여", "쓰러뜨리려고"]·PT["Empurrar", "fazer-tropecar", "me-empurraste", "os-empurrando"]·RU["Сильно-", "гонящий", "сбить-с-ног-", "толкнул-ты-меня"]·ES["Empujando", "empujándoles", "me-empujaste", "para-hacer-tropezar"]·SW["akiwasukuma", "kuangusha", "kusukuma", "ulinisukuma"]·TR["iten", "iterek", "ittin-beni", "kaydırmak-için"]·urd["دھکیلا-گیا", "دھکیلا-گیا-مجھے", "دھکیلتا-ہوا", "گرانے-کو"]
2. Nifal: outcast, banished one — Nifal participle used as a substantive: an outcast or banished person, one who has been driven into exile. Isaiah 11:12 and 56:8 promise that God will gather 'the outcasts of Israel,' and Psalm 147:2 celebrates the same ingathering. Spanish desterrados ('exiled ones') and Korean 쫓겨난 자 ('expelled ones') both highlight the settled state of displacement rather than the act of pushing. 3×
AR["مَطْرُودِي", "مَنْفِيِي-", "مَنْفِيِّي"]·ben["তাড়িতদের", "বিতাড়িতদের", "বিতাড়িতদেরকে"]·DE["[נדחי]", "outcasts-of"]·EN["outcasts-of"]·FR["[נדחי]"]·heb["נדחי", "נידחי"]·HI["तितर-बितरोंको", "निकाले-हुओं-", "निकाले-हुओं-को"]·ID["orang-buangan", "orang-orang-buangan"]·IT["[נדחי]", "spinse"]·jav["Tiyang-ingkang-kabucal", "ingkang-katundhung", "tiyang-kabucal"]·KO["쫓겨난-자들을", "촛겨난-자들을", "흙어진-자들을-"]·PT["dispersos-de", "os-dispersos"]·RU["изгнанников", "рассеянных"]·ES["a-los-desterrados-de", "a-los-dispersos-de", "dispersos-de"]·SW["waliofukuzwa", "waliofukuzwa-wa-", "waliotawanyika-wa"]·TR["daginiklarini-", "surulmuslerini", "sürülmüşlerini-"]·urd["نکالے-ہوئوں", "نکالے-ہوئوں-کو"]
3. Nifal/Pual: be thrust down, be toppled — Passive forms indicating being forcefully knocked down, overthrown, or made to totter. The wicked are 'thrust down' in their calamity (Prov 14:32), evildoers fall and 'are thrust down' unable to rise (Ps 36:12), and a leaning wall is likened to something about to be 'toppled' (Ps 62:4). Arabic yutrahu ('he is thrown down') and Spanish derribados ('knocked down') confirm the downward trajectory. 3×
AR["طُرِحوا", "مَدفوعٍ", "يُطْرَحُ"]·ben["ঠেলা-দেওয়া।", "ঠেলে-দেওয়া-হয়েছে", "তাড়িত-হয়"]·DE["[ידחה]", "sie-sind-thrust-hinab", "tottering"]·EN["is-thrust-down", "they-are-thrust-down", "tottering"]·FR["[דחו]", "[הדחויה]", "ידחה"]·heb["דחו", "ה-דחויה", "יידחה"]·HI["गिरती-हुई", "ढकेले-गए", "धकेला-जाएगा"]·ID["dijatuhkan", "yang-terdorong"]·IT["spinse", "è-thrust-giù"]·jav["dipun-dorong", "dipun-sundhang", "ingkang-roboh"]·KO["내쪼기다", "밀린", "밀침-을-당하였도다"]·PT["empurrado", "foram-derrubados", "é-derrubado"]·RU["низвержены", "опрокидывается", "подтолкнутая"]·ES["es-derribado", "fueron-derribados", "la-empujada"]·SW["anasukumwa-chini", "unaoyumba", "wamesukumwa"]·TR["itildiler", "itilir", "sarsılmış"]·urd["دھکیلا-جائے-گا", "گرائے-گئے", "ہَ-گِری"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H???? 1. (4670×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
דָּחָה vb. push, thrust (NH id. Aramaic דְּחִי, דְּחָא, ܕܚܳܐ; cf. also Arabic دَحَا spread, extend, also throw, propel)— Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. דְּחִיתַנִי ψ 118:13; Inf. cstr. לִדְחוֹת ψ 140:5; abs. דָּחֹה ψ 118:13; Pt. act. דֹּחֶה ψ 35:5 (read דֹּחָם 𝔊 De Che); pass. f. הַדְּחוּיָה ψ 62:4;—push, דָּחֹה דָחָה push violently fig. c. acc. ψ 118:13 sq. cl. of purpose לִנְפֹּל, cf. לִדְחוֹת פעמי ψ 140:5…