H0661 H0661
To surround, encompass, or engulf — poetic verb for being encircled by waters, death, or calamities.
A poetic verb used exclusively to describe being overwhelmed or encircled by deadly forces. Literally, it pictures water closing in around Jonah (2:5), and figuratively it depicts the 'breakers of death' or 'cords of death' engulfing the speaker in 2 Samuel 22:5 and Psalms 18:4 and 116:3. In Psalm 40:12 evils surround the psalmist. Every occurrence carries a visceral sense of danger closing in from all sides. Spanish 'me rodearon' and French 'entourer' both emphasize the encircling motion, while English 'engulfed' adds the note of submersion.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To encompass or engulf, describing the terrifying experience of being surrounded by deadly forces on all sides. The literal use in Jonah 2:5 pictures waters closing over the prophet's head, while the figurative occurrences in 2 Samuel 22:5, Psalm 18:4, and Psalm 116:3 depict 'breakers of death' and 'cords of Sheol' wrapping around the speaker. In Psalm 40:12 it is evils ('ra'ot') that have encompassed the psalmist beyond counting. Spanish 'me rodearon' ('they surrounded me') and English 'engulfed me' together capture the dual force — encirclement and submersion — that makes this verb so vivid in lament contexts. 5×
AR["أَحاطَتني", "أَحاطَتْ", "أَحَاطَتْ-بِي", "أَحَاطَتْنِي"]·ben["আবৃত-করেছে-আমাকে", "আমাকে-বেষ্টন-করেছিল", "ঘিরে-ধরেছে", "তারা-ঘিরেছিল", "বেষ্টন-করেছিল-আমাকে"]·DE["[אפפוני]", "haben-surrounded", "surrounded-mich"]·EN["engulfed-me", "have-surrounded", "surrounded-me"]·FR["entoura-moi", "entourer"]·heb["אפפו-", "אפפו-ני", "אפפוני"]·HI["घेर-लिए-मुझे", "घेर-लिया-मुझे", "घेर-लीं"]·ID["Mengelilingiku", "mengelilingi-aku", "mengelilingi-ku"]·IT["[אפפוני]", "circondo'", "circondò-me"]·jav["Ngubengi-kula", "Tali-pati-sami-ngubengi-kula", "ngepung-kula", "ngubengi-kula", "sampun-ngubengi"]·KO["감쌂었나이다-나를", "둘러샀다-나를", "둘러싸였도다-나-를", "둘러쌉도다", "둘렀었도다"]·PT["Cercaram-me", "cercaram-me"]·RU["Обвили-меня", "Объяли-меня", "объяли", "объяли-меня"]·ES["Me-rodearon", "me-rodearon"]·SW["Zimenizunguka", "maji-yalinizunguka", "vimenizunguka", "zilinizunguka"]·TR["Sardı-beni", "sardlı-beni", "sardular-", "sardı-beni", "sardılar-beni"]·urd["گھیر-لیا-مجھے", "گھیرا-مجھے", "گھیریں"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [אָפַף] vb. surround, encompass (Assyrian apâpu ZimBP 59)— Qal Pf. אָֽפְפוּ ψ 40:13, אֲפָפוּנִי ψ 18:5 +;—encompass (poet.) lit. Jon 2:6 (subj. מַיִם); fig., subj. evils & misfortunes רָעוֹת ψ 40:13 (sq. עָלַי); מִשְׁבְּרֵי מות 2 S 22:5, cf. הֶבְלֵי מ׳ ψ 18:5, also 116:3.