χᾰρίζω G5483
To forgive or pardon; to give graciously or grant as a gift; to hand over or deliver up
The verb χαρίζομαι, rooted in χάρις (grace), carries a deep sense of generous, unmerited giving. In over half its New Testament occurrences it means to forgive — to graciously cancel a debt or offense, as in Jesus' parable of the two debtors (Luke 7:42-43) and Paul's repeated exhortation to forgive as Christ forgave (Col 3:13). In its second major sense, it means to bestow something freely as an act of divine generosity: God 'graciously granted' all things with Christ (Rom 8:32). Twice in Acts 25, the word takes a juridical turn, meaning to hand over a prisoner to another's power.
Senses
1. forgive, pardon — To forgive, pardon, or graciously cancel a debt or transgression. This is the most frequent sense (12 occurrences), anchored in Jesus' parable where a creditor 'forgave' both debtors (Luke 7:42). Paul extends the concept: 'forgiving one another, just as God in Christ forgave you' (Eph 4:32, Col 2:13). Spanish 'perdonar' and French 'faire grâce' capture the grace-rooted cancellation of what is owed — a theological keynote of the word's semantic range. 12×
AR["اِغْفِروا", "تَغفِروا", "تَغفِرونَ", "سامَحَ", "سامَحَكُم", "غَفَرتُ", "غَفَرَ", "غَفَرَ-لَهُ", "مُسامِحينَ", "مُسامِحًا"]·ben["অনুগ্রহ-করে", "অনুগ্রহ-করেছেন", "আমি-ক্ষমা-করেছি,", "ক্ষমা-করল", "ক্ষমা-করা", "ক্ষমা-করে", "ক্ষমা-করেছেন", "ক্ষমা-করো", "তোমরা-ক্ষমা-কর,"]·DE["schenken", "ἐχαρίσατο"]·EN["I-have-forgiven", "forgave", "forgive", "forgiving", "having-forgiven", "he-forgave", "to-forgive", "you-forgive"]·FR["accorder", "donner", "faire-grâce"]·heb["חָנַן", "לִסְלֹחַ", "נָתַן־חֶסֶד", "סִלְחוּ", "סָלַחְתִּי", "סוֹלְחִים", "סוֹלֵחַ"]·HI["कशम-करके", "कशम-करते-हुए", "कशम-किय", "क्षमा-करते-हो", "क्षमा-करना", "क्षमा-करो", "क्षमा-किया-है-मैंने", "माफ़-कर-दिया", "माफ़-किया"]·ID["Ampunilah", "diampuni", "ia-mengampuni", "kamu-mengampuni", "mengampuni", "saling mengampuni", "saling-mengampuni", "telah-aku-ampuni"]·IT["echarisato", "fare-grazia"]·jav["apuntena", "kula-sampun-ngapunten,", "ngapunten", "panjenengan-ngapunten,", "paring-karunia", "sampun-ngapunten"]·KO["뒤었다", "용서하고", "용서하는", "용서하라", "용서하면", "용서하면서", "용서하셨다", "용서하셨으니", "용서하시면서", "용서했다", "용서했다면"]·PT["perdoai-me", "perdoais", "perdoando", "perdoar", "perdoou", "tenho-perdoado"]·RU["простив", "простил", "простите", "простить", "прощаете", "прощая"]·ES["Perdonadme", "he-perdonado", "os-perdonó", "perdonando", "perdonar", "perdonáis", "perdonándoos", "perdonó"]·SW["akitusamehe", "alimsamehe", "aliwasamehe", "kama", "kumsamehe", "mkisameheana", "mnamsamehe,", "nimesamehe,", "nisameheni"]·TR["bagisladi", "bagislayan", "bagislayarak", "bağışladı.", "bağışladım", "bağışlamak", "bağışlayın", "bağışlıyorsunuz"]·urd["اور", "بخشتے-ہوئے", "معاف-کرتے-ہو", "معاف-کرتے-ہوئے", "معاف-کرنا", "معاف-کرو", "معاف-کیا", "معاف-کیا-ہے", "کون"]
2. give graciously, grant — To give graciously, to grant freely as a gift of divine favor. This sense (9 occurrences) foregrounds the generosity inherent in the χάρις root. God 'granted' Paul the lives of all aboard the ship (Acts 27:24), and the Spirit reveals what God has 'freely given' (1 Cor 2:12). In Phil 1:29, suffering itself is 'granted' as a gift alongside faith. Spanish 'concedió/dadas por gracia' and German 'schenken' (to gift) highlight the gracious, unearned quality. 9×
AR["أَنْ-يُعْطَى", "المَوْهوبَةَ", "سَأُوهَبُ", "قَدْ-وُهِبَ", "وَهَبَ", "وَهَبَ-لَكَ", "وَهَبَهُ", "يَهَبُ"]·ben["উপহার-দিয়েছেন", "তিনি-দান-করবেন", "দান-করা-হব", "দান-করিয়াছেন", "দিয়েছেন", "দিলেন", "দেওয়া", "দেওয়া-হয়েছে", "মুক্তি-দিতে"]·DE["schenken", "κεχάρισταί", "χαρισθῆναι", "ἐχαρίσατο"]·EN["I-will-be-granted", "granted", "has-granted", "having-been-given", "he-granted", "it-has-been-granted", "to-be-granted", "will-he-graciously-give"]·FR["accorder", "donner", "faire-grâce"]·heb["אֶתֵּן-חִנָּם", "הַנִּתָּנִים", "חָנַן", "יִתֵּן-בְּחֶסֶד", "לְהִנָּתֵן", "נִתְּנַת", "נָתַן", "נָתַן־חֶסֶד"]·HI["अनुग्रह-दी-गई", "उस्ने-दअन-किय", "दअन-किय", "दअन-किय-गय", "दिया-कि", "दियाहै", "देगा", "मैन-दिय-जऔउनग"]·ID["Ia-menganugerahkan", "aku-akan-dikembalikan", "dikaruniakan", "memberikan", "menganugerahkan", "menganugerahkan?", "mengaruniakan", "yang-dianugerahkan"]·IT["echarisato", "fare-grazia"]·jav["badhe-kaparingaken", "diparingi", "dipunparingi", "kaluwaran", "kaparingaken", "maringaken", "maringi-kanthi-lila", "paring-karunia", "sampun-paring-kanthi-loman"]·KO["선물로-주셨노라", "선물로-주어지게-될-것이다", "용서해달라고", "은혜로-주시리요", "은혜로-주어진-것들을", "은혜를-베푸셨다", "주셨다", "허락되었느니라"]·PT["concederá?", "concedeu", "foi-concedido", "graciosamente-dadas", "que-fosse-dado", "serei-concedido"]·RU["буду-дарован", "даровал", "дарованное", "даровано", "даровать"]·ES["concedió", "dadas-por-gracia", "dará-graciosamente", "fue-concedido", "ha-concedido", "le-concedió", "ser-dado", "seré-concedido"]·SW["alimpa", "aliwajalia", "amekupa", "apewe", "atatupa", "kwetu-bure", "mmepewa", "ninyi"]·TR["bağışladı", "bağışlanacağım", "bağışlanmasını", "bağışlayacak", "lutfedildi", "lutfetti"]·urd["بخشا", "بخشا-جاؤں-گا", "بخشا-جانا", "بخشا-گیا", "بخشا-ہے", "بخشی", "بخشے-گا؟", "بینائی"]
3. hand over, deliver up — To hand over, deliver up, or surrender a person to another's custody. This juridical sense appears only twice, both in Acts 25. Festus explains to Agrippa that it is not Roman custom 'to hand over' any person before a trial (Acts 25:16), and Paul asserts that no one can 'hand him over' to his accusers (Acts 25:11). Spanish 'entregar' (to deliver) and the formal legal context mark this as a distinct semantic extension. 2×
AR["أَنْ-يُسَلِّمَنِي", "أَنْ-يُسَلِّمُوا"]·ben["দান-করিতে"]·DE["χαρίζεσθαί", "χαρίσασθαι"]·EN["to-hand-over"]·FR["accorder"]·heb["לְהַסְגִּיר"]·HI["सौंपना", "सौंपना।"]·ID["menyerahkan", "menyerahkan."]·IT["fare-grazia"]·jav["masrahaken", "masrahaken."]·KO["넘겨주기를"]·PT["entregar", "entregar."]·RU["выдавать", "выдать"]·ES["entregar"]·SW["kumtoa", "kunitoa"]·TR["teslim-etmek"]·urd["حوالے-کرنا"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
χᾰρίζω, future χαριῶ Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist imperative χάρισον Refs:—usually middle χαρίζομαι, future -ιοῦμαιRefs 5th c.BC+; χαριῇ (variant{-εῖ}) also in Refs 5th c.BC+ is a false Aeolic dialect form in NT+2nd c.AD+: aorist ἐχαρισάμην Refs 8th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect imperative χάρισσαι Refs 7th c.BC+; Cretan dialect infinitive χαρίξασθαι Refs —passive forms, future χαρισθήσομαι in passive sense,…