σῶμα G4983
Body — the physical human body; by extension, the church as the body of Christ, and the resurrected body
Soma is the New Testament's primary word for the physical body, covering everything from Jesus' instruction about the 'eye as lamp of the body' (Matt 6:22) to Paul's teaching on bodily resurrection (1 Cor 15:35-44). Unlike sarx, which can connote moral frailty, soma is theologically neutral or even positive: the body is a 'temple of the Holy Spirit' (1 Cor 6:19). Paul's most creative extension makes soma a metaphor for the church as the body of Christ, with diverse members serving distinct functions (1 Cor 12:12-27; Eph 4:4). All 142 occurrences orbit the concept of an organized physical or communal whole.
Senses
1. [split] body (physical) — The physical human body as an organized whole, used for the living body (Matt 6:22; Rom 12:1), the dead body or corpse (Matt 27:58-59), the resurrected body (1 Cor 15:44), and — by Pauline metaphorical extension — the church as the corporate body of Christ (1 Cor 12:12-27; Eph 1:23). Unlike sarx (flesh), soma carries a positive or neutral theological valence: the body is a 'temple of the Holy Spirit' (1 Cor 6:19). Spanish 'cuerpo,' French 'corps,' and German 'Leib' preserve both the physical and corporate dimensions of the term. 0×
AR["الْجَسَدَ", "الْجَسَدِ", "جَسَدًا", "جَسَدَ", "جَسَدُ", "جَسَدُكَ", "جَسَدِ", "جَسَدِكَ", "جَسَدِكُم", "جَسَدِها", "جَسَدِي"]·ben["দেহ", "দেহকে", "দেহের", "দেহের-জন্য", "শরীর", "শরীরে", "শরীরের"]·DE["Leib"]·EN["body"]·FR["corps"]·heb["גּוּף", "גּוּפִי", "גּוּפוֹ", "גוּפָהּ", "הַ-גּוּף"]·HI["शरीर", "शरीर-का", "शरीर-के-लिए", "शरीर-को", "से"]·ID["tubuh", "tubuhnya"]·IT["corpo"]·jav["awak", "badan", "badan,", "layon", "layon,"]·KO["몸", "몸-을", "몸에", "몸을", "몸의", "몸이", "몸이다"]·PT["corpo"]·RU["Тело", "тела", "тело", "телом"]·ES["cuerpo"]·SW["miili", "mwili", "mwili,"]·TR["beden", "bedeni", "bedenim", "bedenimi", "bedenimin", "bedenin", "bedenini", "bedeniniz", "bedeniyle"]·urd["بدن", "جسم", "جسم-میں", "جسم-پر", "جسم-کا"]
Matt 5:29, Matt 5:30, Matt 6:22, Matt 6:22, Matt 6:23, Matt 6:25, Matt 6:25, Matt 10:28, Matt 10:28, Matt 26:12, Matt 26:26, Matt 27:58 (+38 more)
1. physical body (living or dead) — Split from sense 77326. Criteria: Literal human body — living body (Matt 6:22; Rom 12:1), dead body/corpse (Matt 27:58-59), resurrected body (1 Cor 15:44). Material, physical sense. 109×
AR["الْجَسَدَ", "الْجَسَدِ", "جَسَدًا", "جَسَدَ", "جَسَدُ", "جَسَدُكَ", "جَسَدِ", "جَسَدِكَ", "جَسَدِكُم", "جَسَدِها", "جَسَدِي"]·ben["দেহ", "দেহকে", "দেহের", "দেহের-জন্য", "শরীর", "শরীরে", "শরীরের"]·DE["Leib"]·EN["body"]·FR["corps"]·heb["גּוּף", "גּוּפִי", "גּוּפוֹ", "גוּפָהּ", "הַ-גּוּף"]·HI["शरीर", "शरीर-का", "शरीर-के-लिए", "शरीर-को", "से"]·ID["tubuh", "tubuhnya"]·IT["corpo"]·jav["awak", "badan", "badan,", "layon", "layon,"]·KO["몸", "몸-을", "몸에", "몸을", "몸의", "몸이", "몸이다"]·PT["corpo"]·RU["Тело", "тела", "тело", "телом"]·ES["cuerpo"]·SW["miili", "mwili", "mwili,"]·TR["beden", "bedeni", "bedenim", "bedenimi", "bedenimin", "bedenin", "bedenini", "bedeniniz", "bedeniyle"]·urd["بدن", "جسم", "جسم-میں", "جسم-پر", "جسم-کا"]
Matt 5:29, Matt 5:30, Matt 6:22, Matt 6:22, Matt 6:23, Matt 6:25, Matt 6:25, Matt 10:28, Matt 10:28, Matt 26:12, Matt 26:26, Matt 27:58 (+38 more)
2. body of Christ (ecclesial metaphor) — Split from sense 77326. Criteria: Pauline metaphor for the church as corporate body of Christ (1 Cor 12:12-27; Eph 1:23; Col 1:18). Distinct theological extension beyond physical body. 33×
AR["جَسَدٌ", "جَسَدٍ", "جَسَدَ", "جَسَدُ", "جَسَدِ"]·ben["দেহ", "দেহ,", "দেহ;", "দেহ?", "দেহ।", "দেহকে,", "দেহে", "দেহে,", "দেহের", "দেহের,", "দেহের:", "দেহের।"]·DE["Leib"]·EN["body"]·FR["corps"]·heb["גּוּף"]·HI["शरीर"]·ID["tubuh", "tubuh?"]·IT["corpo"]·jav["badan", "badan,", "badan.", "badan:", "badan;", "badan?"]·KO["몸", "몸-의", "몸에", "몸을", "몸이", "몸이냐", "몸이니", "몸이니라", "몸이라"]·PT["corpo", "corpo,", "corpo.", "corpo:", "corpo;", "corpo?"]·RU["есмы", "тела", "тела,", "тела.", "тела:", "теле", "теле,", "тело", "тело,", "тело.", "тело;", "тело?"]·ES["cuerpo"]·SW["mwili", "mwili,", "mwili.", "mwili:", "mwili;", "mwili?", "ni-mmoja,"]·TR["beden", "beden-", "bedende", "bedendir", "bedene", "bedenin-", "daha zayıf", "den-", "eksik olana-", "o-"]·urd["بدن", "جسم"]
Rom 12:4, Rom 12:5, 1 Cor 10:17, 1 Cor 12:12, 1 Cor 12:12, 1 Cor 12:12, 1 Cor 12:13, 1 Cor 12:14, 1 Cor 12:15, 1 Cor 12:15, 1 Cor 12:16, 1 Cor 12:16 (+21 more)
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σῶμα, ατος, τό Refs 4th c.AD+ dative plural σωμάτεσι Refs 3rd c.BC+, body of man or beast, but in Refs 8th c.BC+, always dead body, corpse (whereas the living body is δέμας), ὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ σώματι κύρσας Refs 8th c.BC+; ς. δὲ οἴκαδ᾽ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν Refs 8th c.BC+; so also in NT+8th c.BC+; νεκρὸν σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; μέγιστον σ... σποδου, ={σ. μέγιστον ὃ νῦν σποδός ἐστι}, Refs 5th…