σταυρ-όω G4717
crucify — to execute by fastening to a cross; figuratively, to put to death the power of sin
Stauroo is the verb that gives Christianity its central symbol. Derived from stauros ('upright stake, cross'), it denotes the Roman method of execution by nailing or binding a condemned person to a wooden frame — a punishment so degrading that Cicero called it the 'most cruel and disgusting penalty.' Its 46 New Testament occurrences cluster around the Passion narratives, where all four Gospels use it of Christ's death (Matt 27:35; Mark 15:24-25; Luke 23:33; John 19:18), and extend into the apostolic preaching where 'Christ crucified' becomes the paradoxical heart of the gospel (1 Cor 1:23; 2:2; Gal 3:1). Paul then develops a bold metaphorical extension: believers have 'crucified the flesh with its passions' (Gal 5:24), and the world is crucified to the apostle through the cross (Gal 6:14).
Senses
1. crucify, fasten to a cross — To execute by nailing or binding to a cross, and by extension, to destroy the power of something through identification with that death. Used literally of the crucifixion of Jesus across all four Passion narratives (Matt 27:22-38; Mark 15:13-27; Luke 23:21-33; John 19:6-23) and in the early kerygma proclaiming 'the crucified Christ' (Acts 2:36; 1 Cor 1:23; 2:2). Paul extends the verb figuratively to the believer's decisive break with the old self — 'those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh' (Gal 5:24) — and to the cosmic rupture between the apostle and the world through the cross (Gal 6:14). All 46 occurrences serve this unified field of literal execution and its theological appropriation. 46×
AR["اصْلُبْهُ", "اصْلِبْهُ", "المَصلوبَ", "المَصْلُوبَ", "صَلَبوا", "صَلَبوهُ", "صَلَبُوا", "صَلَبُوهُ", "صُلِبَ", "مَصْلوباً", "يُصْلَبَ"]·ben["ক্রুশবিদ্ধ", "ক্রুশবিদ্ধ-হয়েছিলেন", "ক্রুশিতকে", "ক্রুশে", "ক্রুশে-দাও", "ক্রুশে-দিয়েছে,", "ক্রুশে-দিলেন", "ক্রুশে-দিলেন,", "ক্রুশে-দেওয়া,", "ক্রুশে-দেওয়া-হয়", "ক্রুশে-দেওয়া-হয়েছিল", "ক্রুশে-দেওয়া-হলেন", "ক্রুশে-দেওয়া।", "ἐσταύρωσαν-তারা-ক্রুশে-দিলেন"]·DE["kreuzigen", "kreuzigt"]·EN["Crucify", "crucified", "crucify", "having-been-crucified", "he-might-be-crucified", "he-was-crucified", "they-crucified", "was-crucified"]·FR["crucifier"]·heb["יִצָּלֵב", "נִצְלַב", "נִצְלָב", "צְלֹב", "צָלְבוּ", "צָלוּב"]·HI["क्रुस-पर-चधअय,", "क्रूस-पर-चढ़ा", "क्रूस-पर-चढ़ा-दो", "क्रूस-पर-चढ़ाए-गए", "क्रूस-पर-चढ़ाया", "क्रूस-पर-चढ़ाया-गया", "क्रूस-पर-चढ़ाया-गया।", "क्रूस-पर-चढ़ाया-जाए", "वह-क्रूस-पर-चढ़ाया-गया"]·ID["Dia-disalibkan", "Ia-disalibkan", "Salibkanlah", "disalibkan", "disalibkan.", "menyalibkan", "mereka-menyalibkan", "salibkanlah", "yang-disalibkan"]·IT["crocifiggere", "estaurōsan", "estaurōthē"]·jav["Saliba", "dipun-salib", "dipunsalib", "dipunsalib,", "dipunsalib.", "kasalib", "kasalib,", "kasalib.", "kasalibaken", "nyalib", "salibna", "sami-nyalib", "sampun-dipunsalib", "sampun-nyalib-aken,"]·KO["십자가-에-달렸느니라", "십자가에-달렸느냐", "십자가에-달렸다", "십자가에-달리신", "십자가에-달았다", "십자가에-못-박았노라,", "십자가에-못-박히도록", "십자가에-못-박힌", "십자가에-못박았다", "십자가에-못박으라", "십자가에-못박혔다", "십자가에-못박힌-자를", "십자가에-처하라", "십자가에-처했다"]·PT["Crucifica", "crucificado", "crucificaram", "foi-crucificado", "fosse-crucificado"]·RU["Распни", "Распятого", "был-распят", "был-распят.", "распни", "распяли", "распяли,", "распят", "распят-был", "распятого"]·ES["Crucifica", "Crucifícale", "crucifica", "crucificado", "crucificaron", "fue-crucificado", "fuera-crucificado"]·SW["Msulubishe", "alisulubishwa", "alisulubiwa", "alisulubiwa.", "aliyesulibiwa", "aliyesulubishwa", "aliyesulubiwa,", "aliyesulubiwa.", "asulibiwe", "usimbue", "wakamsimbuza", "wakamsulubisha", "walimsulibisha", "walimsulubisha", "waliusulubu"]·TR["için-", "Çarmıha-ger", "çarmıha gerilmiş", "çarmıha-ger", "çarmıha-gerdiler", "çarmıha-gerildi", "çarmıha-gerilmiş-olanı", "çarmıha-gerilmişi", "çarmıha-gerilsin"]·urd["صلیب دی", "صلیب دیا گیا", "صلیب-دِیا-جائے", "صلیب-دی-ہے", "صلیب-دے", "مصلوب", "مصلوب-کو", "مصلوب-کیا", "مصلوب-ہوا"]
Matt 20:19, Matt 23:34, Matt 26:2, Matt 27:22, Matt 27:23, Matt 27:26, Matt 27:31, Matt 27:35, Matt 27:38, Matt 28:5, Mark 15:13, Mark 15:14 (+34 more)
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)G2190 1. enemy / hostile one (32×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σταυρ-όω, (σταυρός) fence with pales, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II crucify, NT+2nd c.BC+ crucify it, destroy its power, NT nail from a cross, as amulet, Refs 1st c.AD+