σκανδαλ-ίζω G4624
To cause to stumble or fall into sin; passively, to be offended, take offense, or fall away from faith
A vivid metaphor drawn from the image of a trap-stick or stumbling block placed in someone's path. In its active sense it describes the grave act of leading another person into sin, as when Jesus warns about causing 'little ones' to stumble (Matt 18:6). The passive voice shifts the focus to the one who takes offense or is scandalized -- as when hearers are offended at Jesus himself (Matt 13:57). Under the pressure of persecution or trial, the word intensifies to describe outright apostasy, a falling away from faith, as Jesus foretells of his own disciples on the night of his arrest (Matt 26:31). Spanish 'escandalizar' and German 'Anstoss nehmen' both preserve this dual active-passive dynamic.
Senses
1. cause to stumble/sin — The active causative sense: to place a stumbling block before someone, leading them into sin or spiritual ruin. Jesus uses this forcefully in the Sermon on the Mount -- 'if your right eye causes you to stumble, tear it out' (Matt 5:29) -- and in his stern warning about millstones for those who cause children to fall (Matt 18:6). The Spanish 'escandalizar' and French 'scandaliser' capture this same causative force. 14×
AR["أُعْثِرَ", "تُعْثِرُكَ", "نُعْثِرَ", "يُعَثِّرَ", "يُعْثِرُ", "يُعْثِرُكُمْ"]·ben["আমি-বিপদে-ফেলি।", "বাধা-দিই", "বাধা-দেয়", "বিপথগামী-করে", "বিপথে-নেয়", "বিপদে-ফেলে", "হোঁচট-খাওয়াচ্ছে"]·DE["Anstoss-nehmen", "ärgert"]·EN["I-cause-to-stumble", "causes-to-stumble", "he-causes-to-stumble", "offends", "we-may-cause-to-stumble"]·FR["scandaliser"]·heb["אַכְשִׁיל", "יַכְשִׁיל", "מַכְשִׁיל", "מַכְשִׁילָה", "נַכְשִׁיל"]·HI["ठोकर-खिलाऊं", "ठोकर-खिलाए", "ठोकर-खिलाता-है", "ठोकर-खिलाता-है?", "ठोकर-खिलाती-है", "थोकर-दिलअये", "थोकर-दिलअयेइन"]·ID["aku-sandungkan.", "ia-menyesatkan", "menyandungkan", "menyesatkan", "menyinggung"]·IT["scandalizzare", "skandalise", "skandalisomen", "skandalize", "skandalizei"]·jav["damel-kesandhung", "damel-kesandhungan", "damel-sandungan", "kawula-damel-sandungan.", "ndadosaken-kesandhung", "nyandhúng", "nyasaraken", "sandhung?"]·KO["걸려-넘어지게-하리라", "걸려-넘어지게-한다", "걸리게-하는가", "넘어지게-하다", "넘어지게-하면", "실족-하게-하면", "실족하게-하는-것이", "실족하게-하면"]·PT["escandaliza", "escandalizar", "escandalize.", "fizesse-tropeçar", "os-escandalizemos", "te-faz-tropeçar"]·RU["соблазнил", "соблазнит", "соблазнить-нам", "соблазнить.", "соблазняет"]·ES["escandalice", "escandalicemos", "escandaliza", "escandalizare", "hace-tropezar", "haga-tropezar", "te-escandaliza"]·SW["amkwaze", "atamkwaza", "ikikukwaza", "kinamkwaza", "kumkwaza", "likikukwaza", "linakukosesha", "linakukwaza", "linawakwaza", "nisimkwaze.", "ukikukwaza", "unakukosesha", "unakukwaza", "wakwaze"]·TR["gücendirelim", "günaha-sokarsa", "sürçtürüyor-mu", "tökezletirse", "tökezletsin"]·urd["ٹھوکر-کھلاؤں", "ٹھوکر-کھلائیں", "ٹھوکر-کھلائے", "ٹھوکر-کھلاتا-ہے", "ٹھوکر-کھلاتی-ہے"]
2. be offended, take offense — The passive or middle sense: to be offended, scandalized, or to take umbrage at someone. When Jesus says 'blessed is the one who is not offended at me' (Matt 11:6), the word describes an inner reaction of indignation or rejection. The people of Nazareth 'were offended at him' (Matt 13:57), unable to see past the carpenter's son. German 'Anstoss nehmen' (to take offense) mirrors this sense precisely. 10×
AR["تَعثَرُوا", "تَعَثَّرُوا", "تَعْثُرُوا", "عَثَروا", "يَشُكُّ", "يَعثَرُ", "يَعثُرُ", "يَعْثُرونَ", "يَعْثُرُ"]·ben["ঠোকর-খায়।", "ফাঁদে-পড়ে", "বাধাগ্রস্ত-হয়", "বাধাগ্রস্ত-হল", "বিরক্ত-হয়", "হোঁচট-খাও।", "হোঁচট-খাচ্ছিল", "হোঁচট-খায়", "হোঁচট-খেয়েছে"]·DE["Anstoss-nehmen", "ärgert"]·EN["he-falls-away", "is-caused-to-stumble", "is-offended", "they-are-caused-to-stumble", "they-were-offended", "were-offended", "you-be-caused-to-stumble"]·FR["scandaliser"]·heb["יִכָּשֵׁל", "נִכְשְׁלוּ", "נִכְשָׁל", "נִכְשָׁלִים", "תִּכָּשְׁלוּ"]·HI["ठोकर-खाए", "ठोकर-खाता-है", "ठोकर-खाते-हैं", "तुम-ठोकर-खाओ", "थोकर-खअ-रहे-थे", "थोकर-खअयि", "थोकर-खअये", "थोकर-खत-है", "फंसे"]·ID["jatuh-ke-dalam-dosa", "kamu-tersandung", "mereka-tersandung.", "mereka-tersinggung", "tersandung", "tersinggung"]·IT["eskandalisthesan", "eskandalizonto", "scandalizzare", "skandalisthe", "skandalisthete", "skandalizetai", "skandalizontai"]·jav["kasandhungan", "kesandhung", "kesandhung.", "kesandung", "sami-kesrimpung"]·KO["걸려-넘어졌다", "걸려-넘어지지", "넘어졌다", "넘어지는가", "넘어진다", "분개했습니다", "실족하게-되다", "실족하다", "실족하면"]·PT["escandaliza-se", "escandalizam-se.", "escandalizar", "escandalizaram-se", "escandalizavam-se", "se-escandalizar", "sejais-escandalizados", "é-escandalizado"]·RU["соблазнились", "соблазнились.", "соблазнится", "соблазняется", "соблазнялись", "соблазняются"]·ES["es-escandalizado", "se-escandalice", "se-escandaliza", "se-escandalizaban", "se-escandalizaron?", "sea-escandalizado", "seáis-escandalizados", "tropiezan"]·SW["anajikwaa", "anakwazwa", "anakwazwa,", "hatakwazika", "jikwae", "kuchukizwa", "walijikwaa", "walikwazika", "wanajikwaa."]·TR["gücendiler", "güceniyorlardı", "günaha-düşer", "sendeliyorlar.", "sendişletiliyor", "sürçesiniz", "sürçmesin", "tökezlemezse", "tökezler", "tökezliyorlardı"]·urd["بہکایا-جائے", "ٹھوکر کھاؤ", "ٹھوکر-کھائے", "ٹھوکر-کھاتا-ہے", "ٹھوکر-کھاتے-تھے", "ٹھوکر-کھاتے-ہیں"]
3. fall away, apostatize — An intensified passive sense denoting spiritual falling away or apostasy under trial. Jesus prophesies 'you will all fall away' on the eve of his crucifixion (Matt 26:31, citing Zech 13:7), and warns that 'many will fall away' in the eschatological discourse (Matt 24:10). Here the stumbling is not momentary offense but a collapse of allegiance, a scattering of the flock under persecution. 6×
AR["تَشُكُّونَ", "سَتَعْثُرُونَ", "سَيَعثُرُ", "شَكُّوا", "لَنْ-أَشُكَّ", "يَعْثُرُونَ"]·ben["বিঘ্নিত-হব", "বিঘ্নিত-হবে", "বিচলিত-হবে", "বিরক্ত-হবে"]·DE["Anstoss-nehmen", "ärgert"]·EN["will-be-offended", "will-fall-away"]·FR["scandaliser"]·heb["אֶכָּשֵׁל", "יִכָּשְׁלוּ", "תִּכָּשְׁלוּ"]·HI["ठोकर-खाऊंगा", "ठोकर-खाएं", "ठोकर-खाएंगे", "ठोकर-खाओगे"]·ID["akan-murtad", "akan-tersandung"]·IT["skandalisthesesthe", "skandalisthesomai", "skandalisthesontai"]·jav["badhé-kaserakaken", "badhé-sami-kesandhung"]·KO["넘어지리라", "넘어질-것이다", "넘어질지라도", "실족하더라도", "실족하리라", "실족하지-않으리다"]·PT["forem-escandalizados", "se-escandalizem", "serei-escandalizado", "sereis-escandalizados", "vos-escandalizareis"]·RU["не-соблазнюсь", "соблазнитесь", "соблазнятся"]·ES["fueran-escandalizados", "sean-escandalizados", "serán-escandalizados", "seré-escandalizado", "seréis-escandalizados"]·SW["mtakwazika", "mtakwazwa", "sitakwazwa", "watakwazika", "watakwazwa", "wengi"]·TR["sendeyecekler", "tökezlemeyeceğim", "tökezlerse", "tökezleyecek", "tökezleyeceksiniz"]·urd["ٹھوکر-نہیں-کھاؤں-گا", "ٹھوکر-کھاؤ-گے", "ٹھوکر-کھائیں", "ٹھوکر-کھائیں-گے"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σκανδαλ-ίζω, cause to stumble, give offence or scandal to any one, τινα NT:— passive, to be made to stumble, take offence, Refs, etc.; ἔν τινι LXX+NT