προσέχω G4337
Pay attention, give heed to; beware, be on guard against; devote oneself to
The verb prosecho (προσέχω, literally 'hold toward') directs the mind's gaze in three related but distinguishable ways. Most often in Acts, it means to pay attention — the Samaritans 'gave heed' to Philip's signs and preaching (Acts 8:6, 10-11), and Paul urges the Ephesian elders to 'pay attention to yourselves and the whole flock' (Acts 20:28). In the Gospels, Jesus repeatedly warns 'beware of' the Pharisees' leaven, false prophets, and human adversaries (Matt 7:15; 10:17; 16:6, 11-12; Luke 12:1; 20:46). A single instance in Hebrews 7:13 carries the sense 'has devoted himself to' or 'attended to,' describing a priestly lineage at the altar. Spanish captures the split well: atender for attention, guardarse for guarding.
Senses
1. pay attention, give heed — To pay attention, give heed, or direct one's mind attentively toward a person, teaching, or message. The Samaritans 'gave heed' to Simon's sorcery and then to Philip's gospel (Acts 8:6, 10-11), the Jewish leaders are warned to 'consider carefully' what they do with the apostles (Acts 5:35), and Paul tells Timothy to 'give attention to reading, exhortation, and teaching' (1 Tim 4:1, 13). Spanish atender/atendían and German achtgeben both convey the positive cognitive orientation — turning the mind toward something worthy of notice. 14×
AR["أَصْغَوْا", "أَصْغَى", "أَنْ-نَنْتَبِهَ", "اهْتَمَّ", "اِحذَروا", "اِحْتَرِسُوا", "لِتُصغِيَ", "مُصْغينَ", "مُنتَبِهينَ", "مُنْصَرِفينَ", "يَهْتَمّوا"]·ben["মনোযোগ-দাও", "মনোযোগ-দিচ্ছিল", "মনোযোগ-দিত", "মনোযোগ-দিতে", "মনোযোগ-দিয়ে", "মনোযোগ-দেওয়া", "মনোযোগী,", "সাবধান-থাকো", "সাবধান-হও"]·DE["achtgeben", "gibt-acht"]·EN["Take-heed", "give-attention", "giving-attention", "giving-heed", "paying-attention", "take-heed", "to-give-heed", "to-pay-attention", "were-giving-heed"]·FR["prendre-garde"]·heb["הִקְשִׁיבוּ", "הִשְׁאֲמְרוּ", "הִשָּׁמְרוּ", "הַקְשֵׁב", "לְ-הַקְשִׁיב", "לִשְׂים-לֵב", "לָשִׂים-לֵב", "מַקְשִׁיבִים", "נוֹטִים", "שֶׁבְּמָקוֹם"]·HI["धयअन-दे", "धयअन-देते-हुए", "धयअन-देन", "धयअन-देने-वअले", "ध्यान-देते-थे", "ध्यान-देते-हुए", "ध्यान-देना", "ध्यान-रखो", "सावधान-रहो", "सोचो"]·ID["Jagalah", "berhati-hatilah", "memperhatikan", "memperhatikan,", "perhatikanlah", "terikat-pada"]·IT["fare-attenzione"]·jav["gatosaken", "matiksani", "matiksani,", "mirsanana", "mratikaken", "mratikaken,", "ngatos-atos", "ngatos-atosna", "nggatosaken", "padha-mratikaken"]·KO["살피라", "조심하라", "주목하고-있었다", "주의하기를", "주의하는,", "주의하도록", "주의하라", "주의하며", "주의하면서", "주의하여,"]·PT["aplica-te", "atendei", "atendendo", "atentar", "dados", "dando-atenção", "dar-atenção", "para-atender", "prestai-atenção", "prestavam-atenção"]·RU["внимай", "внимайте", "внимали", "внимать", "внимая", "преданным"]·ES["Cuidad", "atender", "atendían", "dados", "presta-atención", "prestad-atención", "prestando-atención", "prestar-atención"]·SW["jiangalieni", "jihadharini", "jilindeni", "jishughulishe", "jitolee", "kujishughulisha", "kusikiliza", "mkilisikiliza", "tusikilize", "wakijishughulisha", "walikuwa-makini", "walimsikiliza", "wanaojishughulisha"]·TR["dikkat-ederek", "dikkat-edin", "dikkat-ediyorlardı", "dikkat-et", "dikkat-etmek", "dikkat-etmemiz", "düşkün"]·urd["توجہ-دیتی-تھی", "توجہ-دیتے-تھے", "توجہ-دیتے-ہوئے", "توجہ-دینا", "توجہ-دیں", "توجہ-دے", "خبردار-رہو", "خیال-رکھو", "دھیان-دیتے-ہوئے،", "کے-توجہ-دینے-والے", "ہوشیار-رہو"]
Luke 17:3, Acts 5:35, Acts 8:6, Acts 8:10, Acts 8:11, Acts 16:14, Acts 20:28, 1 Tim 1:4, 1 Tim 3:8, 1 Tim 4:1, 1 Tim 4:13, Titus 1:14 (+2 more)
2. beware, be on guard — To beware, watch out for, or be on guard against danger or deception. Jesus dominates this sense cluster: 'beware of false prophets' (Matt 7:15), 'beware of the leaven of the Pharisees' (Matt 16:6, 11-12; Mark 8:15; Luke 12:1), 'beware of men' who will persecute (Matt 10:17), and 'beware of the scribes' (Luke 20:46). The construction typically uses prosechete + apo ('hold yourselves away from'). Spanish guardaos/guardarse and the warning imperative across languages mark the shift from receptive attention to defensive vigilance. 9×
AR["احْذَرُوا", "اِحذَروا", "اِحْذَرُوا"]·ben["সাবধান", "সাবধান-থাক", "সাবধান-থাকতে", "সাবধান-থাকো", "সাবধান-হও"]·DE["gibt-acht"]·EN["Beware", "Watch", "beware", "to-beware"]·FR["prendre-garde"]·heb["הִשָּׁמְרוּ", "לְהִשָּׁמֵר"]·HI["सवधन-रहो", "सवधन-रेहन", "सावधान-रहो"]·ID["Awasilah", "Berjaga-jagalah", "Waspadalah", "berjaga-jaga", "berjaga-jagalah"]·IT["fare-attenzione"]·jav["Dipun-pegatosa", "Kawula-waspadaa", "Waspada", "njagi"]·KO["조심하라", "주의하라"]·PT["Guardai-vos", "acautelai-vos", "acautelarem-se"]·RU["Берегитесь", "Внимайте", "Остерегайтесь", "Смотрите", "берегитесь", "беречься"]·ES["Guardaos", "guardaos", "guardarse"]·SW["Jihadharini", "jihadharini", "kujihadhari"]·TR["Dikkat-edin", "dikkat-edin", "dikkat-etmek", "sakının"]·urd["بچنا", "بچو", "خبردار-رہو", "ہوشیار-رہو"]
3. devote oneself to, occupy with — To devote oneself to or occupy oneself with a practice or duty over time. Hebrews 7:13 says the one about whom these things are spoken 'has attended to' (prosesscheken) the altar — meaning has served at or been dedicated to priestly service. This is a sustained, habitual orientation rather than a momentary act of attention or a single warning. Spanish se-ha-dedicado and German achtgeben (in its sustained sense) reflect the durational, vocational quality that sets this usage apart from the episodic senses. 1×
AR["اهْتَمَّ"]·ben["মনোযোগ-দিয়েছেন"]·DE["achtgeben"]·EN["has-attended"]·FR["prendre-garde"]·heb["לֹא-הִקְדִּישׁ"]·HI["नहीं-लगा"]·ID["telah-melayani"]·IT["fare-attenzione"]·jav["sampun-ngladosi"]·KO["대하지-않았으니"]·PT["serviu"]·RU["не-приступал"]·ES["se-ha-dedicado"]·SW["aliyehudumu"]·TR["dikkat-etmedi"]·urd["توجہ-دی"]
Related Senses
H3045 1. Qal: to know, perceive, understand (829×)H5315 1. soul, inner being (647×)H3820a 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (572×)H4672 1. Qal: find, discover (289×)G1492 1. know facts or truths (285×)H3824 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (250×)H1245 1. seek, search for (200×)G1097 1. know, be acquainted with (196×)H2142 1. Qal: remember, recall (173×)G2588 1. heart (inner self, mind, will) (158×)H0977 1. choose, select (Qal active) (145×)G2147 1. find, discover (144×)G5590 1. soul, inner self (100×)H4672 2. Niphal: be found, be discovered (99×)H1875 1. seek, search for (96×)H5315 2. life, vitality (94×)H1847 1. knowledge, discernment (90×)H2450 1. wise, prudent (84×)H7911 1. Qal: to forget (83×)H3684 1. fool, dullard (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
προσέχω Refs 5th c.AD+ ποέχω (which see)) and προσίσχω: aorist προσέσχον:— hold to, offer, προσέσχε μαζὸν [δράκοντι] Refs 4th c.BC+; hold against, [τὴν ἀσπίδα] προσῖσχε πρὸς τὸ δάπεδον Refs 5th c.BC+; apply, χλιάσματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 π. ναῦν bring a ship to port, προσσχόντες τὰς νέας Refs 5th c.BC+; τίς σε προσέσχε.. χρεί; brought thee to land here? Refs 5th c.BC+, put in, touch at a place,…