This noun captures both forward-looking care and intentional planning. In Acts 24:2, Tertullus uses it to flatter Felix for his administrative foresight and reforms. In Romans 13:14, Paul employs it negatively, warning believers not to make provision for the flesh's desires. The term's classical range—from philosophical providence to legal premeditation—enriches both NT uses: prudent care can serve either godly discipline or sinful indulgence.