πρό-γνωσις G4268
foreknowledge, prior knowledge, or predetermined knowledge
A noun meaning foreknowledge—knowledge possessed beforehand, prior awareness or determination. Peter uses it twice in crucial theological contexts. In Acts 2:23, Jesus was 'delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God'—His crucifixion was no accident but part of God's predetermined plan, known and purposed before it occurred. In 1 Peter 1:2, believers are 'elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father'—chosen based on God's prior knowledge and purpose. The word emphasizes God's sovereign knowledge and planning before events unfold in time.
Senses
1. sense 1 — God's foreknowledge or prior knowledge, His awareness and purpose existing before events occur in time. In Acts, Christ's death happened 'according to foreknowledge'—not despite God's plan but precisely within it, predetermined yet executed by responsible human agents. In 1 Peter, election happens 'according to foreknowledge'—God's choosing based on His prior knowledge and sovereign purpose. The French 'prescience' and Spanish 'presciencia' preserve the temporal priority: knowledge existing before, grounding both the plan of redemption and individual election in divine foreordination. 2×
AR["سابِقِ-عِلمِ", "سَابِقِ-عِلْمِ"]·ben["পূর্বজ্ঞানে", "পূর্বজ্ঞানের"]·DE["Vorkenntnis", "προγνώσει"]·EN["foreknowledge"]·FR["prescience", "πρόγνωσιν"]·heb["יְדִיעָה-מֵרֹאשׁ", "יְדִיעָה־מֵרֹאשׁ"]·HI["पूर्वज्ञान", "सौंपा-हुए"]·ID["prapengetahuan"]·IT["preconoscenza", "prognōsin"]·jav["pangertos-rumiyin", "pirsa-rumiyin"]·KO["미리-아심", "이것들-을"]·PT["a-presciência", "presciência"]·RU["предведению"]·ES["presciencia"]·SW["ujuzi-wa-kabla", "ujuzi-wa-mbele"]·TR["önceden-bilgisiyle", "önceden-bilişine"]·urd["پیش-علم", "پیشین-عِلم-کے"]
Related Senses
H3045 1. Qal: to know, perceive, understand (829×)H5315 1. soul, inner being (647×)H3820a 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (572×)H4672 1. Qal: find, discover (289×)G1492 1. know facts or truths (285×)H3824 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (250×)H1245 1. seek, search for (200×)G1097 1. know, be acquainted with (196×)H2142 1. Qal: remember, recall (173×)G2588 1. heart (inner self, mind, will) (158×)H0977 1. choose, select (Qal active) (145×)G2147 1. find, discover (144×)G5590 1. soul, inner self (100×)H4672 2. Niphal: be found, be discovered (99×)H1875 1. seek, search for (96×)H5315 2. life, vitality (94×)H1847 1. knowledge, discernment (90×)H2450 1. wise, prudent (84×)H7911 1. Qal: to forget (83×)H3684 1. fool, dullard (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πρό-γνωσις, εως, ἡ, foreknowledge, LXX+NT __II perceiving beforehand, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.b in Medicine texts, prognosis of diseases, Κῳακαὶ π. title of work by Refs 5th c.BC+; title of work by Democritus. __III prediction, Refs 1st c.BC+