πόνος G4192
Pain, distress, toil; hard labor or suffering that wears one down.
Originally meaning hard physical toil or the struggle of battle in classical Greek, this noun shifted in the NT toward anguish and pain. In Revelation it describes the pain of divine judgment (Rev 16:10-11) and the sorrow that will be no more in the new creation (Rev 21:4). Colossians 4:13 uses it of Epaphras's laborious striving on behalf of the churches. The word carries the weight of something that costs dearly -- whether bodily suffering or exhausting effort on another's behalf.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Pain, anguish, or toilsome distress. The classical sense of hard labor narrows in the NT toward intense suffering: Revelation uses it three times for the pain of God's judgments and its final abolition (Rev 16:10, 16:11, 21:4), while Col 4:13 preserves the older labor sense in describing Epaphras's strenuous prayer-work. German and French both render it 'Schmerz' / pain, emphasizing the suffering dimension, while Spanish 'dolor' captures the same. The eschatological promise of Rev 21:4 -- that ponos will be no more -- elevates this ordinary word into a theological marker of the old order passing away. 4×
AR["آلامِهِم", "أَلَمٌ", "أَلَمِ", "تَعَبٍ"]·ben["পরিশ্রম", "যন্ত্রণা", "যন্ত্রণার"]·DE["Schmerz"]·EN["pain", "pains", "toil"]·FR["Schmerz"]·heb["הַכְּאֵב", "כְּאֵב", "כְּאֵבֵיהֶם", "עָמָל"]·HI["परिश्रम", "पीड़ा", "पीड़ाओं"]·ID["jerih payah", "kesakitan", "kesakitan-kesakitan"]·IT["ponon", "ponos", "ponou", "ponōn"]·jav["rekasa", "sakit", "sangsara"]·KO["고통", "고통들", "고통이", "수고를"]·PT["dor", "dores", "trabalho"]·RU["болей", "боли", "боли;", "труда"]·ES["dolor", "dolor;", "dolores", "trabajo"]·SW["bidii", "maumivu", "maumivu;"]·TR["acı", "acıdan", "acılarının", "emek"]·urd["درد", "دردوں", "محنت"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πόνος, ὁ, (πένομαι) work, especially hard work, toil, in Refs 8th c.BC+ mostly of the toil of war, μάχης π. the toil of battle, Refs 8th c.BC+; πόνος alone, ={μάχη},Refs 8th c.BC+; πόνον ἔχειν, ={μάχεσθαι}, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π. ὁ πολέμαρχος διαφθείρεται in this struggle (at Marathon), Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 generally, toil, labour, ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ὀρνίθεσσι τιθείη…