Polemos is the Greek word for war or battle, the root from which English derives 'polemic.' All 18 New Testament occurrences refer to armed conflict, though the scale ranges from a king calculating whether he can meet an approaching army (Luke 14:31) to the apocalyptic wars of Revelation. Jesus' Olivet Discourse warns the disciples that they will 'hear of wars and rumors of wars' as harbingers of the end but not yet the end itself (Matt 24:6; Mark 13:7; Luke 21:9). James famously asks, 'What causes wars and conflicts among you?' and traces them to inner desires that wage war in the members (Jas 4:1). In Revelation, polemos becomes the language of cosmic combat: war in heaven as Michael fights the dragon (Rev 12:7, 17), the beast making war against the saints (Rev 13:7; 19:19), and the final gathering for the war of the great day of God Almighty (Rev 16:14; 20:8). The consistent rendering across translations — Spanish 'guerra,' French 'guerre,' German 'Krieg' — reflects the term's stable semantic core.