Search / G4119
πλείων G4119
Adj-AMP-C  |  55× in 5 senses
More, greater (comparative of polys); of quantity, number, extent, duration, rank, or importance; substantively, 'the majority.'
Pleion is the comparative form of polys ('much, many') and serves as the New Testament's primary word for 'more' in nearly every dimension — more people, more time, greater importance, further extent. Its versatility is deceptive: what looks like a single word actually carves up several distinct semantic spaces. Sometimes it compares quantities explicitly ('more than five thousand,' Matt 14:21 par.). Sometimes it stands alone with the article to mean 'the majority' or 'most people' (1 Cor 15:6). In the Synoptic Gospels, Jesus uses it to assert qualitative superiority — 'something greater than the temple is here' (Matt 12:6) — collapsing the quantitative and the evaluative into a single devastating claim. Spanish distinguishes más (quantitative) from mayor (evaluative), revealing the semantic seam that Greek leaves unmarked.

Senses
1. more in quantity (comparative) The core comparative sense: more in quantity or number than something else, with an explicit or implicit standard of comparison. This is the default, unmarked use at 32 occurrences. 'Unless your righteousness exceeds (pleion) that of the scribes' (Matt 5:20); 'more than twelve legions of angels' (Matt 26:53); 'more than all of them' (Luke 21:3, the widow's mite). Spanish más que, German mehr als, and French plus que all align with straightforward quantitative comparison. The comparative genitive or conjunction e ('than') typically marks this sense syntactically. 32×
QUANTITY_NUMBER Degree More and Greater
AR["أَفضَلَ", "أَكثَرَ", "أَكْثَرَ", "أَكْثَرَ-مِنْ", "أَكْثَرُ", "الأَكثَرَ", "المَزيدِ"]·ben["অধিক", "আরও", "আরো", "বেশি"]·DE["mehr"]·EN["more", "more-than", "of-more"]·FR["plus"]·heb["הַרְבֵּה", "יוֹתֵר", "רַב-יוֹתֵר", "רַבִּים", "רַבִּים יוֹתֵר"]·HI["अधिक", "ज़यअद", "बड़ा", "बहुतों-ने"]·ID["banyak", "lebih", "lebih-banyak", "lebih-dari"]·IT["di-piu", "più"]·jav["kathah", "langkung", "langkung-ageng", "langkung-kathah", "saking"]·KO["더", "더-", "더-많은", "더-많이", "더-크다", "더한", "많은-사람이"]·PT["De-maior", "maior", "mais"]·RU["больше", "большее", "большей", "больший", "большую"]·ES["de-mayor", "mayor", "más", "más-que"]·SW["kuliko-", "watapokea", "wengi", "wengi-zaidi", "zaidi", "zaidi-ya"]·TR["daha-fazla", "daha-çok", "fazla", "çoğu"]·urd["زیادہ", "محبت-کرے-گا", "معاف-کیا"]
2. the majority, most people Substantival use with the article: 'the majority,' 'most people,' 'the greater number.' Seven occurrences where pleiones functions as a noun denoting the larger portion of a group. Paul notes that 'most of the five hundred' witnesses are still alive (1 Cor 15:6); 'the majority' of the Ephesian crowd did not know why they had assembled (Acts 19:32); punishment by 'the majority' suffices for the offender (2 Cor 2:6). Korean 대부분 ('the greater part') and French la plupart ('most of them') both select dedicated majority-quantifier vocabulary distinct from simple comparative 'more.'
QUANTITY_NUMBER Degree More and Greater
AR["أكثَرُهُم", "أكثَرِهِم", "الأَكثَرينَ", "الأَكْثَرُونَ", "الْأَكْثَرُونَ"]·ben["অধিকাংশ", "অধিকাংশকে।", "অধিকাংশের,", "অধিকাংশের-কাছে", "অধিকের,", "অধিকেরা", "বেশিরভাগ"]·DE["mehr"]·EN["majority", "more", "most"]·FR["plus"]·heb["הָ-רַבִּים", "רַבִּים", "רֹב"]·HI["अधिकांश", "अधिकांशने", "अधिकों", "बहुतों", "बहुतों-को", "बहुमतों"]·ID["kebanyakan", "lebih-banyak", "lebih-banyak-orang", "sebagian-besar"]·IT["di-piu"]·jav["kathah", "kathah-kathah,", "langkung-kathah", "langkung-kathah,", "langkung-kathàh"]·KO["다수에-의한", "대다수에게", "대부분은", "더-많은-사람들이", "더-많은-이들이", "더-많은-자들을", "더-많은-자들의"]·PT["maioria", "mais", "muitos"]·RU["большинства", "большинстве", "большинство", "больших"]·ES["más"]·SW["wengi", "wengi,", "wengi."]·TR["o-", "çoğu", "çoğunluk", "çoğunu", "şimdiye kadar"]·urd["اکثر", "اکثریت", "بہتوں", "بہتوں-کو", "بہتیرے", "زیادہ-تر"]
3. many, numerous (positive sense) Positive-degree usage where the comparative morphology functions as 'many' or 'much' without explicit comparison — a well-attested Koine Greek phenomenon. Seven occurrences, often in Acts: 'many other words' (Acts 2:40), 'many days' (Acts 13:31), 'after many years' (Acts 24:17). Here pleion means roughly the same as polys. Spanish muchos/muchas and Korean 많은 both select positive-degree 'many' vocabulary rather than comparative forms, confirming that the comparative force has faded in these contexts.
PROPERTIES_RELATIONS Adequate, Qualified Sufficiency and Worth
AR["أَكْثَرَ", "كَثيرٍ", "كَثيرَةٍ", "كَثِيرَةً", "كَثِيرَةٍ"]·ben["অধিক", "অনেক", "অনেক-বিষয়ে", "বহু"]·DE["mehr"]·EN["many", "many-things", "more"]·FR["plus"]·heb["יָמִים-רַבִּים", "יוֹתֵר", "רַבִּים", "רַבּוֹת"]·HI["अधिक", "बहुत", "बहुत-बातों", "बहुतोंके"]·ID["banyak", "banyak,", "lebih-banyak"]·IT["di-piu", "più"]·jav["kathah", "kathah,", "langkung", "langkung,", "langkung-kathah"]·KO["그-", "더-많은", "많은-것에", "여러"]·PT["muitas", "muitos", "muitos,"]·RU["многие", "многими", "многих", "многих,", "много", "многом"]·ES["muchas", "muchos", "más", "más-cosas"]·SW["mengi", "mingi", "nyingi", "zaidi"]·TR["birçok-şeyin", "daha-çok", "çok", "çok-daha"]·urd["بہت", "بہت-سی-باتوں-کے"]
4. further or longer in extent Greater extent in time, space, or degree — 'further,' 'longer,' 'more widely.' Five occurrences expressing continuation or spread beyond a reference point. The Sanhedrin fears the apostolic message will 'spread no further' (Acts 4:17); Paul's teaching extended 'longer' than expected (Acts 20:9); Paul asks Felix not to 'detain him further' (Acts 24:4). Spanish más tiempo ('more time') and German weiter ('further') both shift from quantity to extent/duration, confirming a distinct semantic axis from numerical comparison.
QUANTITY_NUMBER Degree More and Greater
AR["أَطْوَلَ", "أَكْثَرَ", "فَأَكْثَرَ"]·ben["আরও", "আরও,", "বেশি"]·DE["mehr"]·EN["further", "longer", "more"]·FR["plus"]·heb["זְמַן-רַב", "יוֹתֵר", "עוֹד"]·HI["अधिक", "ज़यअद,", "फैले"]·ID["jauh", "lama", "lebih-lama"]·IT["di-piu", "più"]·jav["dangu", "dangu,", "langkung,", "langkung-dangu", "nyebar"]·KO["더-멀리", "더-오래", "더-오랜", "더-이상", "퍼지도록"]·PT["-", "mais,"]·RU["более-", "большего,", "большее"]·ES["allá", "más", "más-tiempo"]·SW["-", "muda-mrefu-zaidi", "zaidi"]·TR["daha-fazla", "daha-uzun", "daha-çok"]·urd["زیادہ"]
5. greater in rank or importance Greater in rank, importance, or inherent worth — qualitative superiority rather than quantitative excess. Four occurrences, all in the Synoptic tradition: 'something greater than Jonah is here' (Matt 12:41; Luke 11:32); 'something greater than Solomon is here' (Matt 12:42; Luke 11:31). Jesus uses pleion to assert that his person and ministry surpass the greatest figures of Israel's history. Spanish mayor que ('greater than') and the consistent cross-linguistic selection of evaluative rather than numerical vocabulary confirm that this is a genuine qualitative-comparative sense, not merely 'more of the same.'
QUANTITY_NUMBER Degree More and Greater
AR["أَعظَمُ", "أَعْظَمُ"]·ben["অধিক", "বড়"]·DE["mehr"]·EN["greater-than"]·FR["plus"]·heb["גָּדוֹל", "יוֹתֵר"]·HI["अधिक", "बड़ा"]·ID["lebih"]·IT["più"]·jav["langkung-ageng"]·KO["더-큰-이가", "더-큰-자가"]·RU["больше", "большее"]·ES["mayor-que", "más"]·SW["mkubwa-zaidi"]·TR["daha-büyük", "daha-fazla"]·urd["بڑا"]

Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
πλείων, πλέων, , , neuter πλεῖον, πλέον, πλεῖν, comparative of πολύς (on the forms see entry near the end), more, of number, size, extent, etc., οἱ δὲ μάχονται παυρότεροι πλεόνεσσι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν govern for the interest of the majority, Refs 5th c.BC+; πλέον᾽ ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος πάθαν greater than.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν πλείω λόγον all further speech, Refs 5th c.BC+;