περίλῡπ-ος G4036
Deeply grieved, exceedingly sorrowful; overwhelmed with sadness to the point of distress.
An adjective intensified by the prefix περι- (around, exceedingly), meaning 'very sorrowful' or 'deeply grieved' — sorrow that surrounds and overwhelms a person. Its most memorable use is Jesus' own words in Gethsemane: 'My soul is deeply grieved, even to death' (Matt 26:38; Mark 14:34). The word also describes Herod's distress at being trapped by his oath to Salome (Mark 6:26) and the rich ruler's sadness at Jesus' demand to sell everything (Luke 18:23-24). The French 'profondément attristé' (profoundly saddened) and Spanish 'muy triste' (very sad) capture the intensification well.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Exceedingly sorrowful or deeply grieved — an intensified form conveying overwhelming sadness. The prefix περι- amplifies the base λύπη (grief) to describe sorrow that engulfs a person completely. Jesus applies this word to himself in Gethsemane (Matt 26:38; Mark 14:34), saying his soul is περίλυπος 'even to death' — sorrow so heavy it feels lethal. Herod is περίλυπος when cornered by his rash oath (Mark 6:26), and the rich ruler becomes deeply grieved when told to give up his wealth (Luke 18:23). The multilingual glosses — Spanish 'muy triste,' French 'profondément attristé,' German 'sehr betrübt' — all deploy intensifiers to match the Greek prefix's force. 5×
AR["حَزينًا جِدًّا", "حَزينًا-جِدًّا", "حَزِينَةٌ-جِدًّا"]·ben["অত্যন্ত-দুঃখিত"]·DE["[περίλυπον", "sehr-betruebt", "Περίλυπός", "περίλυπος"]·EN["Deeply-grieved", "Very-sorrowful", "deeply-grieved", "grieved"]·FR["profondément-attristé"]·heb["נֶעֱצָב", "עֲצוּבָה", "עֲצוּבָה-מְאֹד", "עָצוּב", "עָצוּב-מְאֹד"]·HI["अत्यन्त-उदास", "अत्यन्त-दुखी", "उदास", "दुखी-होकर", "बहुत-उदास"]·ID["Sangat-sedih", "sangat-berdukacita", "sangat-sedih"]·IT["molto-triste"]·jav["Sanget-sedhih", "Susah-sanget", "[sedhih-sanget", "sedhih-sanget"]·KO["극히-슬퍼지만", "매우-슬프다", "심히-근심한다", "심히-슬퍼하는", "심히-슬퍼했다"]·PT["Muito-triste"]·RU["Скорбна", "весьма-опечален", "весьма-опечаленный", "весьма-опечаленным"]·ES["Muy-triste", "[muy-triste", "muy-triste"]·SW["Imejaa-huzuni", "Yenye-huzuni-kuu", "akahuzunika-sana", "mwenye-huzuni-sana"]·TR["Çok-üzgün", "Çok-üzüntülü", "çok-üzgün", "çok-üzüntülü"]·urd["بہت-غمگین", "غمگین"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
περίλῡπ-ος, ον, very sad, deeply grieved, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to περιχαρής, Refs 5th c.BC+; στυγνὸς καὶ π. LXX+4th c.BC+