παροίχομαι G3944
past, bygone, previous, having passed by
A perfect participle functioning as adjective, denoting what has passed by or is past. Acts 14:16 uses it to describe 'past generations'—the bygone times when God allowed all nations to walk in their own ways. The temporal marker distinguishes God's pre-gospel patience toward Gentiles from the new era inaugurated by Christ. The participle captures historical distance, marking off previous epochs from the present moment of revelation and universal witness.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Acts 14:16 speaks of God permitting all nations to walk in their own ways in 'past' (παρῳχημέναις) generations. The translation evidence (English 'past', Spanish 'pasadas', French 'passer') marks the bygone time. Paul's temporal distinction is theologically loaded: God's tolerance of Gentile ignorance characterized previous ages, but Christ's coming creates a new situation. The gospel's arrival transforms 'past' into present, ending the era of nations walking without witness. 1×
AR["ماضِيَةِ"]·ben["অতীত"]·DE["παρῳχημέναις"]·EN["past"]·FR["passer"]·heb["הַדֹּרוֹת-שֶׁעָבְרוּ"]·HI["बीती"]·ID["yang-lampau"]·IT["passare"]·jav["ingkang-langkung"]·KO["지난"]·PT["passadas"]·RU["прошедших"]·ES["pasadas"]·SW["zilizopita"]·TR["geçmiş"]·urd["گُزری-ہوئی"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
παροίχομαι, future -οιχήσομαι: perfect παρῴχηκα, Ionic dialect παροίχωκα, and in later writers παρῴχημαι, NT+5th c.BC+, but with variant{παροιχομένων}:—to have passed by, παρῴχετο γηθόσυνος κῆρ. he passed on, went on his way, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 of Time, to be past παροίχωκεν (variant{παρῴχηκεν}) δὲ πλέων νύξ Refs; ἡ παροιχομένη νύξ the by-gone night, Refs 5th c.BC+; παροιχόμενοι ἀνέρες men of…