παρᾰκούω G3878
to overhear, to hear carelessly, to disregard, to disobey; to refuse to listen or take heed
Beginning with the sense of hearing accidentally or overhearing, this verb developed meanings ranging from mishearing to deliberately ignoring. When Jairus is told his daughter has died, Jesus 'overhears' (or perhaps 'ignores') the message and tells him not to fear (Mark 5:36). Jesus warns that if someone refuses to hear the church's correction, they should be treated as an outsider (Matt 18:17, twice). The word encompasses both accidental and willful failure to heed, though context usually clarifies which sense is active.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Cross-linguistic evidence shows both overhearing and refusing to hear: English 'he-refuses-to-hear/overhearing', Spanish 'ignorando/rehusare-oír', French 'négliger', German 'nicht-hoeren/παρακούσῃ'. The lexicon lists multiple senses: 'hear beside/accidentally', 'eavesdrop', 'hear imperfectly', 'take no heed', 'disobey', 'pretend not to hear'. Mark 5:36 has Jesus 'overhearing' (or 'ignoring') news of the girl's death. Matt 18:17 (twice) speaks of refusing to hear church discipline. Context determines whether accidental or willful inattention is meant. 3×
AR["رَفَضَ-يَسْمَعَ", "سَمِعَ بِجانِبِهِ"]·ben["অমান্য-করে", "উপেক্ষা-করে"]·DE["nicht-hoeren", "παρακούσῃ"]·EN["he-refuses-to-hear", "overhearing"]·FR["négliger"]·heb["לֹא־יִשְׁמַע", "שָׁמַע-בְעֶרֶךְ"]·HI["न-मअने", "वचन-को"]·ID["mengabaikan"]·IT["parakousas", "parakouse"]·jav["mboten-mirengaken", "ora-mredulikaken"]·KO["듣지-않거든", "무시하시고"]·PT["ignorando"]·RU["не-обращая-внимания-на", "не-послушает"]·ES["ignorando", "rehusare-oír", "rehusare-oírlos"]·SW["akisikia-tu", "atakataa-kulisikiliza", "atakataa-kuwasikiliza"]·TR["dinlemezse", "duymazlıktan-gelip"]·urd["نظرانداز-کر-کے", "نہ-سُنے"]
Related Senses
H3045 1. Qal: to know, perceive, understand (829×)H5315 1. soul, inner being (647×)H3820a 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (572×)H4672 1. Qal: find, discover (289×)G1492 1. know facts or truths (285×)H3824 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (250×)H1245 1. seek, search for (200×)G1097 1. know, be acquainted with (196×)H2142 1. Qal: remember, recall (173×)G2588 1. heart (inner self, mind, will) (158×)H0977 1. choose, select (Qal active) (145×)G2147 1. find, discover (144×)G5590 1. soul, inner self (100×)H4672 2. Niphal: be found, be discovered (99×)H1875 1. seek, search for (96×)H5315 2. life, vitality (94×)H1847 1. knowledge, discernment (90×)H2450 1. wise, prudent (84×)H7911 1. Qal: to forget (83×)H3684 1. fool, dullard (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
παρᾰκούω, hear beside, especially hear accidentally, hear talk of, Δημοκήδεος τὴν τέχνην Refs 5th c.BC+ __II eavesdrop, overhear from, δεσποτῶν ἅττ᾽ ἂν λαλῶσι Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινός overhear him, NT+2nd c.AD+ __III hear imperfectly or wrongly, misunderstand, ἀκούειν τι τοῦ λόγου, παρακούειν δέ Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑκουσίως π. Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV hear carelessly, take no heed of, τῆς παραγγειλάσης…