πᾰθ-ητός G3805
subject to suffering, capable of experiencing pain or passion
This adjective describes someone or something capable of suffering or experiencing passion. In Acts, it appears in Paul's declaration that the Christ must be 'subject to suffering.' The term can denote liability to external influence, passivity to change, or susceptibility to pain. It stands opposite to ἀπαθής (impassible, incapable of suffering). The word highlights vulnerability and humanity—the capacity to be acted upon, to feel pain, to endure affliction.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Acts 26:23 records Paul explaining 'that the Christ must suffer,' using this adjective to describe Messiah's capacity for suffering. Against expectations of an impassible, triumphant king, Paul insists the Scriptures foretold a suffering servant. The word underscores the scandal of incarnation: God's anointed one must be vulnerable, must feel pain, must die—capacities inherent in true humanity. 1×
AR["سَيَتَأَلَّمُ"]·ben["কষ্টভোগী"]·DE["παθητὸς"]·EN["able-to-suffer"]·FR["passible"]·heb["סוֹבֵל"]·HI["दुखभोगी"]·ID["menderita"]·IT["soggetto-alla-sofferenza"]·jav["nandhang-sangsara"]·KO["고난받을"]·PT["padecente"]·RU["страдающий"]·ES["el-que-puede-sufrir"]·SW["anayeteseka"]·TR["acı-çekecek"]·urd["مصیبت-زدہ"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πᾰθ-ητός, ή, όν, one who has suffered, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II subject to suffering, NT; τὸ θνητὸν καὶ π. Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 liable to external influence or change, opposed to ἀπαθής, Refs 4th c.BC+; passive, opposed to δραστήριος, Refs 1st c.AD+; but ὁ νοῦς ἀπαθής, ἡ δὲ γένεσις π. Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 in Medicine texts, diseased, affected, στεφάνη Refs