ὀνειδ-ίζω G3679
To revile, reproach, or insult; upbraid or rebuke sharply; reproach (in the sense of finding fault with a giver).
A verb expressing verbal attack ranging from hostile insults to authoritative censure. When persecutors revile believers or mock Christ on the cross (Matt 5:11; Matt 27:44; Mark 15:32), the word carries the sting of contemptuous abuse--Spanish 'injuriar/insultar' and German 'schmahen' convey the venom well. When Jesus himself 'upbraids' cities that did not repent (Matt 11:20) or rebukes his disciples for unbelief (Mark 16:14), the same verb shifts toward authoritative reproof, with Spanish using 'reprochar.' James 1:5 presents a striking theological inversion: God gives wisdom generously 'without reproaching'--the one context where the word appears in negation, assuring believers that divine generosity carries no sting of blame.
Senses
1. revile, reproach, insult — To revile, reproach, or heap verbal abuse upon someone out of hostility or contempt. Used of enemies taunting Christ on the cross (Matt 27:44; Mark 15:32), persecutors insulting believers (Matt 5:11; Luke 6:22), and the reproaches that fell on the Messiah (Rom 15:3, quoting Ps 69:9). Spanish 'injuriar/insultar' and German 'schmahen' consistently render the hostile, demeaning character of these attacks. 6×
AR["-الَّذِينَ-يُعَيِّرُونَ-كَ", "تُعَيَّرونَ", "عَيَّرَاهُ", "عَيَّرُوكُمْ", "كَانُوا-يُعَيِّرُونَ", "يُعَيِّرونَ"]·ben["তোমরা-নিন্দিত-হও", "নিন্দা-করছিল", "নিন্দা-করছিলেন", "নিন্দা-করে", "নিন্দুকদের"]·DE["schmähen", "ὀνειδίσωσιν", "ὠνείδιζον"]·EN["reproaching", "they-reproach", "they-revile", "were-reproaching", "were-reviling", "you-are-reproached"]·FR["insulter", "reprocher"]·heb["הֶחֶרְפוּ", "חֵרְפ-וּ", "יְחַרְפוּ", "יְחָרְפוּ", "מְחָרְפִים", "מְחֻרְפִּים"]·HI["ताना-मारते-थे", "तिरस्कृत-किए-जाते-हो", "निन्दा-करते-थे", "निन्दा-करनेवालों-की", "निन्दा-करें"]·ID["kamu-dicela", "mencela", "mereka-mencela", "yang-mencela"]·IT["oneidizesthe", "rimproverare"]·jav["dipun-pitenah", "ingkang-nyacad", "moyoki", "ngina", "panjenengan-dipundukani", "sami-nyenyamah"]·KO["모욕하고", "모욕하면", "비난하는-자들-의", "비방받으면", "욕하였다", "욕했다"]·PT["insultando", "insultavam", "sois-injuriados", "vos-insultarem"]·RU["на-", "оскорбят", "поносили", "поносят", "упрекаетесь"]·ES["injuriaban", "injurien", "os-insulten", "que-ultrajan", "sois-vituperados"]·SW["mnatukanwa", "walimshutumu", "walimtukana", "wanao-kutukana", "watakapowashutumu", "watawashutumu"]·TR["aşağılanırsanız", "aşağılarlarsa", "aşağılayanların", "aşağılıyorlardı", "hakaret-ediyorlardı", "hakaret-etseler,"]·urd["اور", "بُرا-کہیں", "طعنہ-کیا", "طعنے-دیتے-تھے", "ملامت-کرنے-والوں", "ملامت-کی-جاتی-ہے-تمہاری"]
2. upbraid, rebuke — To upbraid or rebuke with authority, expressing strong disapproval toward those who should know better. Jesus 'began to denounce' the cities where his mighty works were done (Matt 11:20), and he 'reproached' the eleven for their stubborn unbelief after the resurrection (Mark 16:14). Spanish 'reprochar' shifts the register from external hostility to internal corrective censure--the rebuke comes from love and authority, not malice. 2×
AR["وَبَّخَ", "يُوَبِّخُ"]·ben["তিরস্কার-করতে", "তিরস্কার-করলেন"]·DE["schmähen", "ὀνειδίζειν"]·EN["he-reproached", "to-denounce"]·FR["reprocher"]·heb["הוֹכִיחַ", "לְ-הוֹכִיחַ"]·HI["डांटा", "धिक्कअर-करन"]·ID["menegur"]·IT["rimproverare"]·jav["nyaru", "sami-ndukani"]·KO["꾸짓기를", "꾸짖으셨다"]·PT["a-repreender"]·RU["укорять", "упрекал"]·ES["a-reprochar", "reprochó"]·SW["akawakemea", "kukemea"]·TR["azarladı", "azarlamaya"]·urd["ملامت-کرنا", "ملامت-کی"]
3. reproach (without upbraiding) — To reproach in the sense of finding fault with or shaming a recipient--used uniquely in negation at James 1:5, where God gives wisdom 'without reproaching' (me oneidizonton). This sense preserves the core meaning of casting blame but applies it to the donor-recipient relationship: unlike human benefactors who remind you of their generosity, God gives without making the asker feel belittled. Spanish 'reprochando' maintains the verbal form while the negation transforms it into a statement about divine graciousness. 1×
AR["يُعَيِّرُ"]·ben["তিরস্কারকারী"]·DE["schmähen"]·EN["reproaching"]·FR["reprocher"]·heb["מוֹכִיחַ"]·HI["उलाहना-देनेवाले"]·ID["mencela,"]·IT["oneidizontos"]·jav["kang-ngréwangi,"]·KO["꾸짖지-않고,"]·PT["censurando"]·RU["упрекающего,"]·ES["reprochando"]·SW["kukemea"]·TR["azarlamadan"]·urd["ملامت-کرتا٬"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὀνειδ-ίζω, future -ιῶRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ὠνείδισα (Epic dialect ὀν-) Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect ὠνείδικα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+future middle ὀνειδιεῖσθε (in passive sense) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ὠνειδίσθην Refs 2nd c.BC+ __I cast in one's teeth, make a reproach to one, usually with accusative of things et dative person, ἀλκὴν μέν μοι πρῶτον ὀνείδισας Refs 8th c.BC+: with a relative…