ὀδῠν-άω G3600
To be in anguish, suffer pain or torment; to grieve deeply
Expresses intense suffering that may be physical, emotional, or both. In Luke 16:24-25, the rich man cries out from Hades that he is 'in agony' in the flames — the most viscerally physical use. Yet in Luke 2:48, Mary tells the boy Jesus that she and Joseph have been searching for him 'in great distress,' and in Acts 20:38, the Ephesian elders grieve most of all because they will never see Paul's face again. The word thus bridges bodily torment and emotional anguish. Spanish captures this range with sufres (physical) alongside angustiados and dolidos (emotional grief).
Senses
1. sense 1 — To experience intense pain, anguish, or torment — whether physical or emotional. The rich man in Hades uses it of bodily agony in flames (Luke 16:24-25), while Mary uses it of the emotional distress of a lost child (Luke 2:48), and the Ephesian elders of deep grief at permanent separation from Paul (Acts 20:38). Spanish distinguishes sufres (bodily suffering) from angustiados/dolidos (grief), but the Greek word encompasses both poles under a single term for acute, deeply felt suffering. 4×
AR["أَتَعَذَّبُ", "تَتَعَذَّبُ", "مُتَأَلِّمَيْنِ", "مُتَأَلِّمِينَ"]·ben["কষ্ট-পাচ্ছ", "কষ্ট-পাচ্ছি", "কষ্ট-পেয়ে", "যন্ত্রণা-পেয়ে"]·DE["ὀδυνώμενοι", "ὀδυνᾶσαι", "ὀδυνῶμαι"]·EN["I-am-in-agony", "are-in-agony", "grieving"]·FR["souffrir"]·heb["כְּאוֹבִים", "מִצְטַעֲרִים", "מִתְעַנֶּה"]·HI["दुखित-होकर", "दुखी", "दुखी-हूं", "दुखी-है।"]·ID["aku-kesakitan", "dengan-khawatir", "kesakitan", "sedih"]·IT["odunasai", "odunomai", "odunomenoi", "tormentare"]·jav["kula-sangsara", "prihatos,", "sangsara.", "sedhih"]·KO["괴로워한다", "근심하며", "슬퍼하며"]·PT["angustiados", "entristecidos", "estou-atormentado", "estás-atormentado"]·RU["скорбя", "страдаешь", "страдаю"]·ES["angustiados", "dolidos", "sufres", "sufro"]·SW["kwa-huzuni", "ninateseka", "unateseka", "wakihuzunika"]·TR["acı-çekerek", "acı-çekiyorsun", "acı-çekiyorum", "üzülen"]·urd["تڑپ-رہا-ہوں", "تڑپ-رہا-ہے", "رنجیدہ", "غمگین"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὀδῠν-άω, aorist ὀδυνῆσαι Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 1st c.BC+ O.; 2nd pers. singular ὀδυνᾶσαι NT: future ὀδυνηθήσομαι Refs 4th c.BC+.: aorist ὠδυνήθην Refs 5th c.BC+:— cause one pain or suffering, τὸ γὰρ ὀρθοῦσθαι γνώμαν ὀδυνᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, feel pain, suffer pain, Refs 5th c.BC+the pains I suffered, Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialectpresent ὀδυνέομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+