This noun appears in Ephesians 2:14, where Paul declares that Christ 'has broken down the dividing wall of hostility' between Jews and Gentiles. The term literally means 'middle wall' (μέσος + τοῖχος), a partition separating spaces. Some see allusion to the temple barrier excluding Gentiles from the inner courts on pain of death. More broadly, it represents the entire Torah-based separation that marked Jewish distinctiveness. Christ's death abolished this barrier, creating one new humanity from the two groups. The wall's destruction enables both Jews and Gentiles to approach God together through Christ in one Spirit.