μακρο-χρόνιος G3118
μακροχρόνιος — long-lived, enjoying extended duration of life
This adjective appears in Ephesians 6:3, within Paul's quotation of the fifth commandment about honoring parents. The term literally means 'long in time,' combining μακρός (long) and χρόνος (time). In the Septuagint and NT, it specifically refers to longevity of life as a blessing. The promise 'that you may be long-lived on the earth' adapts the original Mosaic promise of long life in the land of Canaan to a broader Christian application, where honoring parents remains connected to the blessing of extended days.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The nominative masculine singular functions predicatively: 'that you may be long-lived.' The multilingual glosses (Spanish 'de-larga-vida,' German 'langlebig') capture the compound's literal sense of extended temporal duration applied to human lifespan, a tangible blessing attached to covenant faithfulness. 1×
AR["طَويلَ-العُمرِ"]·ben["দীর্ঘজীবী"]·DE["langlebig"]·EN["long-lived"]·FR["μακροχρόνιος"]·heb["אֲרִיךְ-יָמִים"]·HI["दिरघअयु"]·ID["berumur-panjang"]·IT["makrochronios"]·jav["dangu-gesang"]·KO["장수하는-자-가"]·PT["de-longa-vida"]·RU["долголетним"]·ES["de-larga-vida"]·SW["mwenye-umri-mrefu"]·TR["uzun-omurlu"]·urd["دیر-عمر"]
Related Senses
H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H1242 1. morning (214×)H5750 2. still, yet (continuative) (166×)G5119 1. then (160×)G3568 1. now (147×)G2193 1. until (143×)G3825 1. (141×)G3752 1. (123×)H6153 1. evening, time of day (123×)H0227a 1. then (122×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
μακρο-χρόνιος, ον, lasting a long time, lingering, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μ. long duration, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 dwelling a long time, LXX __3 long-lived, NT+3rd c.AD+