λῡπ-έω G3076
To grieve or cause grief; to experience deep sorrow or to make another sorrowful.
Rooted in the noun lype (pain, grief), this verb moves in two directions: inward and outward. Most New Testament uses describe the experience of being grieved -- the disciples' sorrow at the Passion prediction (Matt 17:23), the rich young man's sadness at Jesus' demand (Matt 19:22), and Peter's hurt when questioned a third time (John 21:17). Paul's Corinthian correspondence reveals the causative side: he reflects carefully on whether and how he 'grieved' the church (2 Cor 2:2-5; 7:8-9), distinguishing godly sorrow from worldly grief. French 'attrister' and Spanish 'entristecer' mirror both directions naturally.
Senses
1. to be grieved, feel sorrow — To be grieved, to feel sorrow or distress as an emotional response. This intransitive or passive use dominates the NT (about 20 occurrences). The disciples are grieved at predictions of the Passion (Matt 17:23), Herod is grieved at his oath (Matt 14:9), and the young ruler goes away sorrowing (Matt 19:22). German 'betruebt-werden' (to become saddened) highlights the passive, experiential quality of this grief. 20×
AR["الحُزنُ", "المَحزونُ", "تَحزَنوا", "تَحْزَنوا", "تَحْزَنُونَ", "حَزِنتُمْ", "حَزِنينَ", "حَزِنَ", "حَزِنُوا", "حَزِينًا", "حَزِينِينَ", "مَحزونينَ", "يَحْزَنُ", "يَحْزَنُونَ"]·ben["তোমরা-দুঃখিত-হও,", "তোমরা-দুঃখিত-হয়েছিলে", "তোমরা-দুঃখিত-হয়েছিলে,", "দুঃখ-কর", "দুঃখিত", "দুঃখিত,", "দুঃখিত-হওয়া,", "দুঃখিত-হতে", "দুঃখিত-হবে,", "দুঃখিত-হয়,", "দুঃখিত-হয়ে", "দুঃখিত-হল", "দুঃখিত-হলেন", "যে-দুঃখিত"]·DE["betruebt-werden", "λυπεῖσθαι", "λυπηθεὶς", "λυπούμενοι", "λυπούμενος", "ἐλυπήθησαν"]·EN["being-grieved", "grieving", "having-been-grieved", "is-grieved", "sorrowing", "they-were-grieved", "to-be-grieved", "was-grieved", "were-grieved", "will-be-grieved", "you-may-grieve", "you-might-be-grieved", "you-were-grieved"]·FR["attrister", "s'attrister"]·heb["הִתְעַצְּבוּ", "הִתְעַצֵּב", "לְ-הִתְעַצֵּב", "לְהִצְטַעֵר", "לְהִתְעַצֵּב", "מִצְטַעֵר", "מִתְעַצְּבִים", "מִתְעַצֵּב", "נִעְצַבְתֶּם", "נֶעֱצַב", "נֶעֱצָבִים", "עָצוּב", "שֶׁתִּתְעַצְּבוּ", "תִּתְעַצְּבוּ", "תֵּעָצְבוּ"]·HI["उदास-होओगे", "उदास-होकर", "उदास-होने", "जो-दुखी-है", "तुम-दुखी-हो", "दुःखी-हुआ", "दुखि-हुए", "दुखि-होकर", "दुखित-होकर", "दुखी-हुए-तुम", "दुखी-होकर", "दुखी-होता-है", "दुखी-होते-हुए", "दुखी-होना", "दुखी-होने", "शोक-करो"]·ID["Sedih", "akan-berdukacita", "berdukacita,", "bersedih", "disedihkan", "kamu-berduka", "kamu-bersedih", "kamu-disedihkan", "sangat-bersedih", "sedih"]·IT["lupēsthe", "lupēthentes", "rattristare"]·jav["badhé-susah,", "ingkang-dipun-sedhih-aken", "panjenengan-dipun-sedhih-aken,", "panjenengan-sedhih", "panjenengan-susah,", "sedhih", "sedhih-sanget", "susah", "susah,"]·KO["근심하게-되었을지라도", "근심하기를", "근심하며", "근심하여", "근심하였다", "근심할-것이다", "너희가-슬퍼하기를", "슬퍼하기-를", "슬퍼하기를", "슬퍼하는", "슬퍼하는-자", "슬퍼하라고", "슬퍼하며", "슬퍼하면", "슬퍼했다", "슬퍼했다고", "심히-슬퍼하였다"]·PT["a-entristecer-se", "entristece-se,", "entristecendo-se", "entristecer-se", "entristeceram-se", "entristeceu-se", "entristecido;", "entristecidos", "fiqueis-tristes", "fostes-entristecidos", "que-está-entristecido", "ser-entristecidos", "sereis-entristecidos", "tendo-se-entristecido", "triste", "vos-entristeceis"]·RU["больше-не", "огорчаемый", "огорчаться", "огорчены-были", "огорчились", "огорчиться", "опечаленные", "опечаленный", "опечаленный;", "опечалились", "опечалился", "опечалитесь,", "скорбели", "скорбеть", "скорбящие"]·ES["Se-entristeció", "a-entristecerse", "apenado", "entristecido", "entristecidos", "entristeciéndose", "es-entristecido", "fuerais-entristecidos", "fuisteis-entristecidos", "habiendo-sido-entristecidos", "os-entristezcáis", "que-es-entristecido", "se-entristecieron", "ser-entristecidos", "seréis-entristecidos"]·SW["Akahuzunika", "akihuzunika", "aliyehuzunishwa", "anahuzunika,", "huzunike", "kuhuzunika", "kuhuzunishwa,", "kwa-maana", "mhuzunishwe,", "mkihuzunishwa", "mlihuzunishwa", "mlihuzunishwa,", "mtahuzunika", "wakihuzunika", "walihuzunika", "wanaohuzunika,"]·TR["Kederlendi", "Tanrı", "kederleceksiniz", "kederlendiniz", "kederlenen", "kederlenesiniz", "o-", "üzüldüler", "üzülerek", "üzülesiniz", "üzülmeye", "üzülmüş", "üzülüyorsa"]·urd["تم-غمگین-ہو", "غمگین", "غمگین ہو جاؤ گے", "غمگین-ہو", "غمگین-ہو-کر", "غمگین-ہوئے", "غمگین-ہوا", "غمگین-ہوتا-ہے", "غمگین-ہونا", "غمگین-ہونے-والا"]
Matt 14:9, Matt 17:23, Matt 18:31, Matt 19:22, Matt 26:22, Matt 26:37, Mark 10:22, Mark 14:19, John 16:20, John 21:17, Rom 14:15, 2 Cor 2:2 (+8 more)
2. to grieve someone, cause sorrow — To grieve someone, to cause sorrow in another person. A transitive, causative use found especially in Paul's letters to Corinth, where he wrestles with whether his letter caused pain (2 Cor 2:2, 2:5, 7:8). Spanish distinguishes this nicely: 'entristeció' (he saddened someone) versus the reflexive 'se entristeció' (he became sad). The usage implies moral weight -- one is responsible for the grief one causes. 6×
AR["أَحزَنتُ", "أَحزَنَ", "أَحزَنَتْ", "أُحزِنُ", "تُحزِنوا", "يُحزِنْ"]·ben["আমি-দুঃখিত-করেছিলাম", "দুঃখিত-কর", "দুঃখিত-করি", "দুঃখিত-করেছিল", "দুঃখিত-করেছে,"]·DE["betruebt-werden"]·EN["I-grieved", "grieve", "grieved", "has-grieved", "he-has-grieved"]·FR["attrister", "s'attrister"]·heb["הֶעֱצִיב", "הֶעֱצִיבָה", "הֶעֱצַבְתִּי", "מַעֲצִיב", "תַּעֲצִיבוּ"]·HI["दुख-पहुनचओ", "दुखी-करता-हूं", "दुखी-किया", "दुखी-किया-मैंने", "दुखी-किया-है"]·ID["aku-menyedihkan", "dia-telah-menyedihkan", "mendukakan", "menyedihkan", "telah-menyedihkan"]·IT["lupeite", "rattristare"]·jav["damel-sedhih", "kawula-ndadosaké-sedhih", "ndadosaké-sedhih", "ndamel-sedhih", "ndamel-sedhih,"]·KO["근심하게-하라", "슬프게-한다면", "슬프게-했다", "슬프게-했다면"]·PT["entristeceis", "entristeceu", "entristeci", "entristeço"]·RU["огорчайте", "огорчаю", "огорчил", "огорчило"]·ES["contristéis", "entristeció", "entristecí", "entristezco", "ha-entristecido"]·SW["amehuzunisha,", "amemhuzunisha,", "iliwahuzunisha", "msimhuzunishe", "niliwahuzunisha", "ninawahuzunisha"]·TR["kederlendirdi", "kederlendirdim", "kederlendiriyorum", "kederlenmişse", "uzmeyin"]·urd["غمگین-کرتا-ہوں", "غمگین-کرو", "غمگین-کیا", "غمگین-کیا-ہے"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
λῡπ-έω, (λύπη) grieve, vex, whether in body or mind, τινα Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to εὐφραίνειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; [ὁ θώραξ] λυπεῖ distresses by its weight, Refs 5th c.BC+: c.neuter adjective, λυπεῖν μηδὲν αὑτόν Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, ἐλύπει αὐτὸν ἡ χώρα πορθουμένη Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲν ἐλύπησεν [αὐτό], ὥστε μή.. does no harm.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδένα λυπήσας or -ασα, as formula in…