κατά-κρῐμα G2631
condemnation, judgment, sentence; the verdict that condemns
This noun denotes condemnation, a condemning judgment, or the sentence that results from judgment. All three occurrences appear in Romans discussing justification and condemnation. Romans 5:16 contrasts the free gift and condemnation: judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but grace following many trespasses brought justification. Romans 5:18 parallels one trespass leading to 'condemnation for all' with one act of righteousness leading to justification. Romans 8:1 declares triumphantly, 'There is therefore now no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus.' Classical usage includes condemnation, punishment, fine, and damage. Paul uses it theologically for the guilty verdict and sentence humanity deserves apart from Christ.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The sense is the condemning verdict, the judgment that declares guilty and sentences accordingly. Romans 5:16 sets it in stark contrast to justification (δικαίωμα)—condemnation versus acquittal, guilty verdict versus righteous standing. The parallelism in 5:18 makes condemnation the universal result of Adam's trespass, answered by justification through Christ's righteousness. Romans 8:1's 'no condemnation' is liberation from the guilty verdict—those in Christ escape the sentence they deserved. The Spanish 'condenación,' French 'condamnation,' and German 'Verdammnis' all convey the condemning judgment. This isn't just accusation but the verdict itself—the declaration of guilt and its consequences, which those in Christ wonderfully escape. 3×
AR["الإدانَةِ", "دَيْنُونَةٌ"]·ben["দণ্ডাজ্ঞা"]·DE["Verdammnis"]·EN["condemnation"]·FR["condamnation"]·heb["הַרְשָׁעָה"]·HI["दण्ड", "दण्डाज्ञा"]·ID["penghukuman", "penghukuman,", "penghukuman;"]·IT["condanna"]·jav["paukuman", "paukuman,", "paukuman;"]·KO["정죄", "정죄함이-없다"]·PT["condenação"]·RU["-многих", "-осуждение", "осуждения"]·ES["condenación"]·SW["hukumu-ya-adhabu"]·TR["mahkumiyet"]·urd["سزا"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)G2919 1. judge, pass judgment (76×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2917 1. judgment, condemnation (27×)G2919 2. be judged, stand trial (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κατά-κρῐμα, ατος, τό, condemnation, judgement, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 punishment, fine, damage, NT+1st c.AD+