κατάκειμαι G2621
To lie down, especially of the sick or bedridden; also to recline at a meal table in the ancient dining posture.
Katakeimai paints a picture of the body at rest -- whether forced by illness or chosen for fellowship. Simon Peter's mother-in-law 'was lying sick with a fever' (Mark 1:30), and the paralytic's friends lowered him through the roof because he 'was lying' on a mat (Mark 2:4). Yet the same verb describes the convivial posture of ancient dining: guests 'reclined at table' with Jesus (Mark 2:15; 14:3), and Paul asks whether someone with a weak conscience might see you 'reclining at table' in an idol's temple (1 Cor 8:10). Spanish distinguishes these beautifully -- 'postrado' (prostrate, bedridden) versus 'reclinado' (reclined at table) -- revealing how body position carries social meaning.
Senses
1. lie down, be bedridden — To lie down physically, typically of one who is sick, injured, or otherwise confined to bed. Peter's mother-in-law 'was lying' with a fever (Mark 1:30); the paralytic 'was lying' on a pallet when brought to Jesus (Mark 2:4); multitudes of the sick 'were lying' at the pool of Bethesda (John 5:3, 6). The command to the healed paralytic to rise and take up his bed (Luke 5:25) presupposes this posture. Spanish 'estar postrado' (to be prostrate) and German 'liegen' (to lie) highlight the helplessness and passivity of the bedridden state. 7×
AR["راقِدًا", "كانَ مُضْطَجِعًا", "كانَ-مُضطَجِعًا", "كَانَ-يَرْقُدُ", "كَانَتْ-مُضْطَجِعَةً", "مَطْرُوحًا", "مُضْطَجِعًا"]·ben["শুইয়া-থাকিতে", "শুয়ে-ছিল", "শুয়ে-ছিল।", "শুয়ে-থাকতে", "শুয়ে-থাকা"]·DE["liegen", "κατέκειτο", "κατακείμενον", "κατακεῖσθαι"]·EN["he-was-lying", "lying", "to-be-lying", "was-lying", "were-lying"]·FR["être-couché"]·heb["לִשְׁכַב", "שָׁכְבָה", "שָׁכַב", "שׁוֹכֵב"]·HI["पड़ा-हुआ-था,", "पड़े-थे", "पड़े-हुए,", "यीशु", "लेटा-था", "लेटा-हुआ", "शिमोन"]·ID["berbaring", "berbaring,", "berbaring.", "ia-berbaring", "terbaring"]·IT["essere-sdraiato", "giacere"]·jav["gelar", "gelar,", "gerah", "gerah.", "lenggah", "sare,", "tilem"]·KO["누워-있기를", "누워-있는", "누워-있던", "누워-있었다"]·PT["estar-deitado,", "estava-deitada", "estava-deitado.", "jazendo"]·RU["лежал", "лежал,", "лежала", "лежало", "лежащего", "лежащего,"]·ES["acostado", "estaba-acostada", "estar-postrado", "postrado", "yacía"]·SW["alichokuwa-amelalia", "alikuwa-amelala", "alilala", "alipokuwa-amelala.", "amelala", "walilala"]·TR["-a", "yatan", "yatıyordu", "yatıyordu."]·urd["-کو", "بھیڑ", "لیٹا-ہوا", "پڑا-تھا", "پڑا-ہوا", "پڑا-ہوا-تھا", "پڑی-تھی"]
2. recline at table — To recline at a dining table in the customary Greco-Roman and Near Eastern posture for eating. At Levi's banquet, 'many tax collectors and sinners were reclining at table with Jesus' (Mark 2:15). At Simon the leper's house, Jesus 'was reclining at table' when a woman anointed him (Mark 14:3). A sinful woman approached Jesus while he 'reclined' at a Pharisee's table (Luke 7:37). Paul's discussion of food offered to idols envisions someone 'reclining at table in an idol's temple' (1 Cor 8:10). Spanish 'reclinado' and 'estando reclinado' capture the formal, social character of this dining posture. 5×
AR["أَنْ يَتَّكِئَ", "جالِساً", "مُتَّكِئينَ", "مُتَّكِئًا", "مُتَّكِئٌ"]·ben["বসা,", "বসে-থাকতে", "শুয়ে-আছেন", "শুয়ে-থাকা", "হেলান-দিয়ে-আছেন"]·DE["liegen", "κατάκειται", "κατακείμενοι"]·EN["he-reclines", "reclining", "to-recline"]·FR["être-couché"]·heb["בְּ-מֵסֵּבוֹ", "לְהֵסֵב", "מֵסֵב", "מֵסֻבִּים"]·HI["बैठना", "बैठा-हुआ", "बैठा-है", "बैठे-हुए"]·ID["Ia-berbaring", "berbaring", "duduk-makan", "duduk-makan,", "ketika-berbaring"]·IT["essere-sdraiato", "giacere"]·jav["lenggah", "lenggah,", "lungguh-mangan", "nalika-lenggah-dhahar", "sami-dhahar"]·KO["기대어-있다", "누워-있는", "식사하다", "앉아-있는", "앉아-있을-때"]·PT["de-ele-estar-reclinado", "estava-reclinado", "reclinado", "reclinado,"]·RU["возлежавшего", "возлежать", "возлежащие.", "возлежащим,", "возлежит"]·ES["estando-reclinado", "estar-reclinado", "está-reclinado", "reclinados", "recostado"]·SW["akiketi-mezani", "akiwa-amelala", "amelala", "umeketi-mezani,", "wakila"]·TR["oturması", "sofrada-oturan", "uzandığında", "uzanmış"]·urd["بیٹھا-ہوا", "بیٹھنا", "بیٹھے-ہوئے", "ساتھ", "میں"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κατάκειμαι, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural κατακείαται Refs 8th c.BC+: Ionic dialect pluperfect κατεκέατο Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive -κέωμαιRefs 5th c.BC+ —passive, only in present and imperfect with future middle -κείσομαι:—lie down, μῆλα τὰ δὴ κατάκειτ᾽ ἐσφαγμένα Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπὶ πλευρὰς κ. Refs 8th c.BC+; νέκυς κ. Refs 7th c.BC+ __2 lie hid, ἐν λόχμῃ.. κατέκειτο μέγας σῦς Refs 8th c.BC+ __3…