καταγιγνώσκω G2607
to condemn, judge against, find fault with; to form an unfavorable judgment
This verb means to judge against, condemn, or form an unfavorable judgment about someone. Paul uses it in Galatians 2:11 describing his confrontation with Peter: 'I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned' (or 'was clearly in the wrong'). First John uses it twice regarding conscience: if our heart condemns us (3:20), God is greater; but if our heart does not condemn us (3:21), we have confidence. Classical usage includes observing something to one's prejudice, forming unfavorable judgments, and despising. The New Testament use spans objective condemnation (Peter's hypocrisy) and subjective self-condemnation (conscience accusing).
Senses
1. sense 1 — The sense centers on rendering an unfavorable judgment or condemnation. Galatians uses it for Peter's objectively condemnable conduct—withdrawing from Gentile fellowship under pressure, thereby contradicting the gospel. He 'stood condemned' either by his own actions or by others' judgment of them. First John uses it for conscience's condemning voice—the heart's accusation when we fall short. The Spanish 'condenar/condenado' and German 'verurteilen' (to condemn) capture the judicial quality. Whether Peter's hypocrisy earning censure or conscience rendering internal verdict, the word marks the judgment that finds against someone. John's pastoral point: even when self-condemned by conscience, God's greater knowledge and mercy provide hope beyond self-accusation. 3×
AR["كانَ-مَلومًا", "يَلومُنا"]·ben["দোষ-দেয়", "দোষী-সাব্যস্ত"]·DE["verurteilen"]·EN["condemned", "condemns"]·FR["καταγινώσκῃ", "κατεγνωσμένος"]·heb["מַרְשִׁיעַ", "נִמְצָא-אָשֵׁם"]·HI["दोशि-थह्रअय-गय", "दोष-लगाए"]·ID["bersalah", "menghukum", "menghukum,"]·IT["kataginōskē", "kategnōsmenos"]·jav["ngukum", "piyambakipun-sampun-dipun-salahaké"]·KO["정죄받은", "정죄하면", "정죄하지"]·PT["condenado", "condenar", "condena»,"]·RU["осуждает", "осуждает,", "осуждён"]·ES["condena", "condenado"]·SW["alihukumiwa", "hukumu", "yanatuhukumu"]·TR["suçlanmış", "suçluyorsa"]·urd["ملامت-کرے", "ملامت-کرے،", "ملزم"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)G2919 1. judge, pass judgment (76×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2917 1. judgment, condemnation (27×)G2919 2. be judged, stand trial (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
καταγιγνώσκω, Ionic dialect and later καταγηρ-γῑνώσκω, future -γνώσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—remark, observe, especially something to one's prejudice, with genitive person: __I generally, καταγνοὺς τοῦ γέροντος τοὺς τρόπους having observed his foibles, Refs 5th c.BC+; πολλήν γέ μου δυστυχίαν κατέγνωκας I have been very unfortunate by your way of it, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐπιτήδεα κατά τινος κ. having…