The verb Ἰουδαΐζω means to adopt Jewish customs, follow Jewish law, or live according to Jewish practices—especially used of Gentiles taking on Jewish identity or Jews insisting on Jewish observance. Galatians 2:14 records Paul's confrontation with Peter: "If you, though a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you compel the Gentiles to Judaize?" The verb critiques requiring Gentile believers to adopt Jewish boundary markers (circumcision, food laws). Translations render it "to Judaize" or "to live like Jews," the practice of imposing Jewish identity requirements on Gentile Christians.