Search / G2348
θνῄσκω G2348
V-RPA-NMS  |  9× in 1 sense
To have died, to be in a state of death — the perfect tense of thnesko, emphasizing the completed event with its ongoing result.
Every NT occurrence of thnesko appears in the perfect tense, giving this verb a distinctive profile: it does not describe the act of dying but the settled state of being dead. When the angel tells Joseph that those seeking the child's life 'have died' (Matt 2:20), or when Pilate marvels that Jesus 'had already died' (Mark 15:44), the grammar underscores finality — a past event whose result persists. The same construction appears in the raising narratives of the widow's son (Luke 7:12), Jairus's daughter (Luke 8:49), and Lazarus (John 11:44), where the perfect tense heightens the miracle: these people were thoroughly, conclusively dead. Spanish 'ha muerto,' French 'mourir,' and German 'tot' all reflect this resultative nuance.

Senses
1. to have died, to be dead To be in a state of death as the result of having died (perfect aspect). All nine NT uses employ the perfect stem, emphasizing not the process of dying but the accomplished fact of death with its continuing consequence. This is significant in miracle narratives — Lazarus 'had died' (John 11:44), the widow's son 'was dead' (Luke 7:12), Jairus's daughter 'has died' (Luke 8:49) — where the perfect tense amplifies the magnitude of resurrection. The same form appears in Matt 2:20 (Herod's death as accomplished fact) and Mark 15:44 (Pilate's verification that Jesus was truly dead). Multilingual evidence (Spanish 'ha muerto,' German 'tot') consistently renders the resultative state rather than the dying event.
BODY_HEALTH Physiological Processes and States Death and Corpses
AR["قَد-ماتَ", "كَانَ-قَدْ-مَاتَ", "لِأَنَّهُ-قَدْ-مَاتَ", "ماتَت", "ماتَتْ", "مَاتَ", "مَيِّتًا", "مَيِّتٌ", "مَيِّتٍ"]·ben["মরেছে", "মারা-গেছে", "মৃত", "মৃত,", "মৃত-ব্যক্তি", "মৃত-হয়েছেন", "মৃত।"]·DE["tot", "Τέθνηκεν", "τεθνήκασιν", "τεθνηκέναι", "τεθνηκότος", "τεθνηκὼς"]·EN["Has-died", "has-died", "have-died", "having-died", "he-had-died", "one-having-died", "to-have-died"]·FR["mourir"]·heb["מֵת", "מֵתָה", "מֵתוּ"]·HI["मर-गई", "मर-गए", "मर-गया-है", "मर-गया-होना", "मरा-हुआ", "मरि-है", "मरेहुए"]·ID["Dia-mati", "Telah-mati", "mati", "orang-mati", "sudah-mati", "telah-mati", "yang-mati,", "yang-telah-mati"]·IT["morire", "tethnēken"]·jav["Tilar-donya", "ingkang-sampun-pejah,", "ingkang-séda,", "sampun-pejah", "sampun-pejah.", "séda", "tilar-donya"]·KO["좽었다", "죽었는지", "죽었다", "죽었다.", "죽었다고", "죽었던-자가", "죽은-자가", "죽은-자에-대하여"]·PT["Morreu", "está-morta", "morreram", "morto", "morto,", "ter-morrido.", "tinha-morrido"]·RU["Умерла", "мертва", "умер", "умерли", "умершего", "умершем", "умерший", "умершим", "умершим,"]·ES["ha-muerto", "haber-muerto", "habiendo-muerto", "había-muerto", "han-muerto", "muerto"]·SW["Amekufa", "aliyekufa", "amekufa", "amekwishakufa", "ameshakufa", "wamekufa"]·TR["Öldü", "öldüler", "öldüğünü", "ölmüş", "ölmüş,", "ölmüş-ise", "ölmüş-olan", "ölmüştür"]·urd["اکلوتا", "مر-گئی", "مر-گئی-ہے۔", "مر-گئے", "مر-گیا", "مر-گیا-ہے", "مرا ہوا", "مرے-ہوئے", "مُردہ"]

Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
θνῄσκω (with ι Refs; θνείσκ- Refs 5th c.BC+, Aeolic dialect θναίσκω Hdn.Gr.Refsθνᾴσκω Refs 3rd c.BC+: future θᾰνοῦμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive -έεσθαιRefs 8th c.BC+aorist 2 ἔθᾰνον, Epic dialect θάνον Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive Epic dialect and Ionic dialect θανέειν, as always in Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect τέθνηκα Refs 8th c.BC+; subjunctive τεθνήκω Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect