ἔτος G2094
year — a unit of time measuring one complete annual cycle, used for ages, durations, and historical reckoning
Etos is the standard Greek word for 'year,' appearing 49 times in the New Testament to measure the passage of time in human lives and sacred history. It marks the age of persons — Jesus at twelve in the temple (Luke 2:42), the woman with a hemorrhage suffering twelve years (Mark 5:25) — and durations of prophetic or theological weight: Paul's three years in Arabia before meeting the apostles (Gal 1:18), Abraham's hundred years at Isaac's birth (Rom 4:19). The idiomatic phrase kat' etos ('year by year,' Luke 2:41) echoes the Septuagint's calendar language. Translations converge without variation: Spanish 'anos,' French 'an/annee,' German 'Jahr/Jahre.'
Senses
1. year — A complete annual cycle used as the primary unit for measuring extended time in the New Testament, whether reckoning a person's age (Luke 2:42 'when he was twelve years old'; Mark 5:42 the girl was twelve years old), the duration of an affliction or event (Mark 5:25 'twelve years'; Gal 1:18 'after three years'), or historical periodization (Acts 7:6 'four hundred years'; Heb 3:17 'forty years'). All 49 occurrences share this single temporal-measurement sense; the multilingual evidence is perfectly uniform across every witness language. 49×
AR["السَّنَوَاتُ", "سَنَة", "سَنَةً", "سَنَواتٍ", "سَنَوَاتٍ", "سَنَوَاتِ", "سِنِينَ"]·ben["বছর", "বছরের"]·DE["Jahr", "Jahre"]·EN["of-years", "years"]·FR["an", "année"]·heb["שְׁנוֹת", "שָׁנִים", "שָׁנָה"]·HI["बारह", "वर्ष", "वर्षों", "वर्षों-का", "वर्षों-से", "से"]·ID["berumur", "tahun"]·IT["anno"]·jav["Taun", "taun", "taun,"]·KO["년", "년들-을", "년들-의", "년을", "년이", "살의", "세-의", "왜냐하면", "해", "해,", "해들-동안", "해들-을", "해들-의", "해들-이", "해를"]·PT["anos", "anos,", "de-anos"]·RU["года", "годы", "лет", "лет-"]·ES["años", "de-años"]·SW["miaka", "miaka,"]·TR["yaşında", "yıl", "yıl,", "yıldır", "yıllar", "yılların", "yılında"]·urd["سال", "سال-کی", "سالوں", "سالوں-کا", "میں"]
Related Senses
H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H1242 1. morning (214×)H5750 2. still, yet (continuative) (166×)G5119 1. then (160×)G3568 1. now (147×)G2193 1. until (143×)G3825 1. (141×)G3752 1. (123×)H6153 1. evening, time of day (123×)H0227a 1. then (122×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἔτος, εος, τό, irregular dative ἔτῃ Refs:—year, τῶν προτέρων ἐτέων in bygone years, Refs 8th c.BC+; τόδ᾽ ἐεικοστὸν ἔ. ἐστὶν ἐξ οὗRefs 8th c.BC+; ἔ. ἐνιαυτῶν, see at {ἐνιαυτό; ἑκάστου ἔτους} Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἔτους πέμπτου every fifth year, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ ἔ. every year, NT+5th c.BC+; ἔ. εἰς ἔ. year after year, Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἔτους annually, LXX+3rd c.BC+; παρὰ ἔ. every other year,…