Year (Time Unit)

שָׁנָה877 n.f. (on appar. except v. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 46), year (etym. v. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Am 2:10 +; cstr. שְׁנַת Gn 41:50 +; sf. שְׁנָתוֹ Ez 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Lv 14:10 + 2 times; du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם 1 K 15:25 +; pl. שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 +, cstr. שְׁנֵי Gn 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Dt 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); sf. שָׁנָיו Lv 25:52 + 4 times sf.; שְׁנוֹתַי Is 38:15 ψ 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם 78:33 + 8 times sf.;—year, as division of time, Ex 23:14, 17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Dt 11:12, opp. אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v 12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Ex 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ 34:22 2 Ch 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה 2 K 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ 𝔊 Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kit, cf. שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year 1 S 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, cf. Ne 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Dt 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ 2 S 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Est 9:21, 27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Gn 23:1; 25:7 + (P); שְׁנֵיהֶם Jb 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי ψ 31:11 (‖ חַיַּי), etc.; of God Jb 10:5 ψ 102:25, 28; in phr. of age, v. בֵּן 9, בַּת" dir="rtl" >בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Ez 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Dn 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 S 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Is 6:1; 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Dt 15:9; 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Lv 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Is 16:14; 21:16 (v. שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Is 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Dt 32:7, cf. Jo 2:2; most often c. num. card.: pl. after units, appos., Ex 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים 2 S 2:10 +, but du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gn 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) cstr. שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים 1 S 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Lv 25:21; 8 + שָׁנָה †2 K 22:1; before unit (rare, late) 2 Ch 11:17(×2); Dn 1:5; sg. after 11–19, tens, and hundreds Gn 5:3, 9; 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years 1 K 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶפ שָׁנִים ψ 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ec 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Gn 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ 1 K 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ 2 K 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ 2 K 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה 1 K 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Lv 19:24 +, etc., + לְ 2 K 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Ges§ 134 p) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ 2 K 25:1, cf. Ezr 7:8; Je 46:2; 51:59 + (Kt) 28:1; 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).

ἔτος, εος, τό, irregular dative ἔτῃ Refs:—year, τῶν προτέρων ἐτέων in bygone years, Refs 8th c.BC+; τόδ᾽ ἐεικοστὸν ἔ. ἐστὶν ἐξ οὗRefs 8th c.BC+; ἔ. ἐνιαυτῶν, see at {ἐνιαυτό; ἑκάστου ἔτους} Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἔτους πέμπτου every fifth year, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ ἔ. every year, NT+5th c.BC+; ἔ. εἰς ἔ. year after year, Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἔτους annually, LXX+3rd c.BC+; παρὰ ἔ. every other year, Refs 2nd c.AD+yearly, Refs 5th c.BC+; τρίτῳ ἔτεϊ τούτων in the third year after this, Refs; frequently in accusative, ἔ. τόδ᾽ ἤδη δέκατον.. βόσκων now for these ten years, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a person's age, γεγονὼς ἔτη τρία ἀπολείποντα τῶν ἑκατόν Refs 5th c.BC+; without γεγονώς, τοὺς ὑπὲρ τετταράκοντα ἔτη Refs, etc.: in genitive, ἐπειδὰν ἐτῶν ᾖ τις τριάκοντα Refs 5th c.BC+; μυρίων ἐτῶν within a period of Refsyears, Refs __2 regnal year, τὸ πέμπτον ἔ. Δομιτιανοῦ Refs 2nd c.AD+. (ϝέτος Refs 6th c.BC+[same place]; cf. Latin vetus.)

ἐνῐ-αυτός, ὁ, (ἐνί, αὐτός) properly anniversary, μηδὲ τᾷ ὑστεραίᾳ μηδ᾽ ἐν ταῖς δεκάταις μηδ᾽ ἐν τοῖς ἐνιαυτοῖς Refs before the lapse of a year, Refs; ἐνιαυτῷ on the expiry of a year, Refs; and so, any long period of time, cycle, period, ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν as times rolled on the year came, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ μέγας ἐ., of a Pythagorean cycle, Refs 4th c.BC+.; also of the Metonic Cycle of nineteen years, Refs 1st c.BC+; of a period of Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 ={ἔτος}, a year, εἴνατός ἐστι περιτροπέων ἐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; μῆνές τε καὶ ἐνιαυτῶν περίοδοι LXX+5th c.BC+during a year, Refs 8th c.BC+; αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Indut. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν πρῶτον ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁπηνίκα.. τοὐνιαυτοῦ at what time in the year, Refs 5th c.BC+; δὶς τοῦ ἐ. twice a year, Refs 5th c.BC+every year, Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἐ. πέμπτου every five years, Refs 5th c.BC+; θητεύσαμεν εἰς ἐ. for a year, Refs 8th c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρξαι for a year, Refs 5th c.BC+; or, every year, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ ἐ. for a year, Refs 5th c.BC+; μετὰ τὸν ἐ. at the end of the year, Refs 5th c.BC+; παρ᾽ ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρχειν in alternate years, Refs 1st c.BC+; πρὸ ἐνιαυτοῦ a year before, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐς τὸν σᾶτες ἐ. for the current year, Refs; ἐν τῷ καθ᾽ ἕτος ἐ. in the current year, Refs __3 Ἐνιαυτός, personified, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II name for a Cornucopiae, Refs 3rd c.BC+

† I. [שְׁנָה] n.f. year (v. BH שָׁנָה, √ I. [שָׁנָה]);—cstr. שְׁנַת: שׁ׳ חֲדָה = first year Ezr 5:13; 6:3 Dn 7:1; שׁ׳ תַּרְתֵּין Ezr 4:24 second year; שׁ׳ שֵׁת 6:15; pl. שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְת׳ Dn 6:1 62 years; שׁ׳ שַׂגִּיאָן Ezr 5:11.—ii. [שְׁנָה] v. ישׁן.

† [שֵׁן] n.[f.] tooth;—du. (of rows of teeth) abs. שִׁנַּ֫יִן Dn 7:7;—sf. שניה Kt (K§ 53, 2. b)), שִׁנַּהּ Qr, v 5, 19 (all of beasts in vision). שִׁנְּתֵהּ Dn 6:19 v. √ ישן

δι-ετία, ἡ, ={διετηρίς}, NT+1st c.AD+

πέρῠσι, before a vowel πέρυσιν, Aeolic dialect πέρρυσι Refs 3rd c.BC+, Doric dialect πέρυτι Refs 2nd c.AD+: adverb:— a year ago, last year, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν οἱ αὐτοὶ νῦν τε καὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ π. NT. (Cf. Sanskrit parút, Armenian heru, MHG. vert 'last year'.)

τεσσᾰρᾰκοντᾰ-ετής, ές, forty years old, NT+8th c.BC+:—Attic dialect feminine τεττᾰρᾰκοντᾰέτις, ιδος, Refs 5th c.BC+: masculine also τεσσᾰρᾰκοντούτης, Refs 2nd c.AD+, (τεττ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+

δι-ετής, ές, or διέτης, ες, of or lasting two years, χρόνος Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ διετὲς ἡβᾶν to be two years past puberty, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II two years old, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III = {διετήσιος}, Refs 5th c.AD+

ἑκᾰτοντα-έτης, ες, of a hundred years, βιοτά Refs 5th c.BC+ years old, LXX

τρῐετ-ία, ἡ, period of three years, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐς τ. Refs 2nd c.AD+