This verb means to provoke, irritate, or rouse to action—both positive and negative. In 2 Corinthians 9:2, Paul says the Macedonians' zeal 'stirred up' or stimulated the Achaians to generous giving—positive provocation to good works. In Colossians 3:21, fathers are warned not to 'provoke' or irritate their children, lest they become discouraged—negative provocation that damages. The Spanish 'estimuló/provoquéis' (stimulated/provoke) captures both positive stirring and negative irritation. Classical usage included rousing warriors to fight and provoking quarrels. The biblical uses show provocation can inspire virtue or incite frustration, depending on how it's applied.