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ἐπισφαλ-ής G2000
Adj-GMS  |  1× in 1 sense
dangerous, precarious, risky
This adjective describes something prone to fall, unstable, or dangerous—a precarious situation or hazardous condition. In Acts 27:9, sailing has become dangerous because the season is advancing toward winter storms. Classical usage applied this to anything unstable: precarious political positions, unreliable things, dangerous illnesses, dubious propositions. The multilingual evidence is remarkably uniform: dangerous, peligrosa, dangereux—showing universal recognition of risk and hazard. The medical usage for dangerous diseases suggests life-threatening conditions, which fits Paul's voyage narrative where lives are indeed at stake.

Senses
1. sense 1 Luke's note in Acts 27:9 that sailing had become dangerous marks the transition from summer's safe sailing to autumn's treacherous Mediterranean storms. The cross-linguistic unanimity (all major languages: dangerous/perilous) reflects the concrete risk to life and cargo. Classical medical usage for dangerous diseases reminds us this isn't mere inconvenience but genuine threat—as the subsequent shipwreck narrative confirms, lives hang in the balance when seafaring becomes episphales.
DANGER_DELIVERANCE Trouble, Hardship, Relief Distress and Hardship
AR["خَطِرًا"]·ben["বিপজ্জনক"]·DE["ἐπισφαλοῦς"]·EN["dangerous"]·FR["dangereux"]·heb["מְסֻכֶּנֶת"]·HI["खतरनाक"]·ID["berbahaya"]·IT["pericoloso"]·jav["mbébayani"]·KO["위험한"]·PT["perigosa"]·RU["опасным"]·ES["peligrosa"]·SW["hatari"]·TR["tehlikeli"]·urd["خطرناک"]

Related Senses
H7965 1. peace, absence of conflict (198×)H3467 1. save, deliver, rescue (Hifil active) (156×)H5127 1. flee, run away (Qal) (144×)G1515 1. peace, well-being, harmony (93×)H8002 1. peace offering(s) (87×)G4982 1. save spiritually, grant salvation (79×)H3444 1. salvation, deliverance (67×)H4422 1. Nifal: escape, flee (63×)H1272 1. flee, run away (Qal) (58×)H6869b 1. distress, trouble (57×)G4991 1. of salvation (46×)G2347 1. tribulation, affliction, distress (45×)H0983 1. security, safety, confidence (42×)H6031b 1. Piel: afflict, oppress (42×)H6040 1. affliction, misery, suffering (36×)H3468 1. salvation, deliverance (33×)G5343 1. flee, run away (28×)H3467 2. savior, deliverer (Hifil participle substantive) (28×)H8668 1. salvation, deliverance (27×)H8252 1. be quiet, be at rest (26×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐπισφαλ-ής, ές, (σφάλλομαι) prone to fall, unstable, precarious, τὰ μεγάλα πάντα ἐπισφαλῆ Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπισφαλές [ἐστι] Refs 4th c.BC+ __II (σφάλλω) making to fall, misleading, εἰς βλάβην Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 dangerous, νόσημα Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -εστάτη, χώρα Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἐπισφαλές [ἐστι] παρακοῦσαι Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb -λῶς, ἔχειν, διακεῖσθαι, to be in danger, LXX+2nd c.BC+: superlative -έστατα, περᾶσαι Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 dubious, adverb comparative -έστερον AristeasRefs