ἐντρέπ-ω G1788
To turn someone inward in shame or deference; either 'to put to shame, admonish' or 'to respect, revere' (middle/passive).
From ἐν (in) + τρέπω (turn), this verb literally means 'to turn someone inward,' and its two senses flow naturally from that root image. In the middle voice it describes a turning toward someone in deference — 'they will respect my son,' says the vineyard owner in Jesus' parable (Matt 21:37; Mark 12:6; Luke 20:13). In its active or causative use, it means turning someone inward in a very different way: making them feel shame. Paul wields it with pastoral care: 'I do not write this to shame you' (1 Cor 4:14). Spanish elegantly mirrors this split, using 'respetar' for reverence and 'avergonzar' for shaming.
Senses
1. respect, revere — To show respect, reverence, or deference toward a person, especially an authority figure. Predominantly used in the parable of the wicked tenants, where the vineyard owner sends his beloved son expecting the tenants 'will respect' him (Matt 21:37; Mark 12:6; Luke 20:13). Also appears for the unjust judge who 'neither feared God nor respected man' (Luke 18:2, 4) and for fatherly discipline that earns children's respect (Heb 12:9). Spanish 'respetar' and the underlying Greek middle voice both convey an inward turning of the self toward another in honor. 6×
AR["أَستَحيي", "سَيَحتَرِمونَ", "سَيَهابونَ", "كُنَّا-نَهَابُهُمْ", "يَستَحيونَ", "يَستَحيي"]·ben["আমরা-সম্মান-করতাম", "তারা-সম্মান-করবে", "লজ্জা-করবে", "সম্মান-করা", "সম্মান-করি"]·DE["beschaemen", "ἐντρέπομαι", "ἐντραπήσονται", "ἐντρεπόμενος", "Ἐντραπήσονται"]·EN["I-respect", "They-will-respect", "respecting", "they-will-respect", "we-respected"]·FR["faire-honte"]·heb["יִכַּבְּדוּ", "יִכַבְּדוּ", "כִבַּדְנוּם", "מְכַבֵּד", "מְכַבֵּד-אֲנִי"]·HI["आदर-करेंगे", "लज्जा-करता", "लज्जा-करने-वाला", "लज्जित-होंगे", "हम-आदर-करते-थे"]·ID["Mereka-akan-menghormati", "aku-segan", "kita-menghormati;", "mereka-akan-hormati", "segan"]·IT["enetrepometha", "vergognarsi"]·jav["Badhé-ajrih", "kita-ajrih", "kula-uwatosaken,", "nguwatosaken.", "sami-badhe-ngajeni", "tiyang-tiyang-badhé-ajrih."]·KO["그들이-부끄러워하리라", "부끄러워하리라", "부끄러워하지", "부끄러워하지-않지만", "부끄러워할-것이다", "우리가-공경했다"]·PT["Respeitarão", "os-respeitávamos", "respeitarão"]·RU["Постыдятся", "Устыдятся", "стыдящийся", "стыжусь", "уважали", "устыдятся"]·ES["Respetarán", "los-respetábamos", "respetando", "respetarán", "respeto"]·SW["-", "Watamheshimu", "mwenye-kumheshimu", "ninamheshimu", "tuliwaheshimu", "watamheshimu"]·TR["Saygı-duyacaklar", "sayan", "sayarlar", "saygı-duyuyorduk", "saygı-gösterecekler", "sayıyorum"]·urd["شرماتا", "شرماتا-تھا", "عزت-کرتے-تھے", "عزت-کریں", "عزت-کریں-گے", "لحاظ-کریں-گے"]
2. put to shame, make ashamed — To put to shame, cause someone to feel ashamed, or admonish by inducing a sense of moral embarrassment. Paul uses it pastorally in 1 Corinthians 4:14: 'I write not to shame you but to admonish you as beloved children.' In 2 Thessalonians 3:14 and Titus 2:8 the goal is corrective — producing healthy shame that leads to repentance. Spanish shifts distinctly to 'avergonzar' (to embarrass/shame), and Arabic uses forms meaning 'to be abashed,' confirming this as a recognized separate sense from respectful deference. 3×
AR["مُخْجِلاً", "يَخجَلَ", "يَخْجَلَ"]·ben["লজ্জিত-করতে", "লজ্জিত-হয়", "সে-লজ্জিত-হয়"]·DE["beschaemen"]·EN["he-may-be-ashamed", "may-be-put-to-shame", "shaming"]·FR["avoir-honte", "faire-honte"]·heb["יִתְבַּיֵּשׁ", "יִתְבַּיֵשׁ,", "לְהַבְיִשׁ"]·HI["लज्जित-करता-हुआ", "लज्जित-हो,", "शरमिन्द-हो"]·ID["dia-malu.", "malu,", "memalukan"]·IT["entrapē", "rispettare"]·jav["isin,", "isin.", "ngwirangaken"]·KO["그가-부끄러워하도록.", "부끄러워하도록", "부끄럽게-하며"]·PT["envergonhando", "seja-envergonhado", "seja-envergonhado,"]·RU["пристыжая", "устыдился"]·ES["avergonzando", "se-avergüence", "sea-avergonzado"]·SW["aaibike", "aaibishwe", "kuwaaibisha"]·TR["utandırmak için", "utansın", "utansın,"]·urd["شرمندہ-کرتا-ہوا", "شرمندہ-ہو", "شرمندہ-ہو۔"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐντρέπ-ω, turn about, τὰ νῶτα Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξεστραμμένην ἕδραν ἐ. reduce prolapsed anus, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of a muscle, turn the eye in, Refs __2 mostly metaphorically, make one turn, put him to shame, NT+2nd c.AD+ __3 alter, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 middle, ἐντρέψασθαι· τὸ εἴσω τρέψαι τὸ ἱμάτιον, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II middle or passive, future ἐντραπήσομαι LXX; turn about, hesitate, especially feel…