The adverb ἐκτός (from ἐκ, 'out of') marks what lies beyond a boundary, whether physical or logical. In its exclusionary sense it introduces exceptions to general statements — 'except,' 'unless,' 'apart from' — as when Paul concedes that tongues without interpretation profit nothing 'unless' one interprets (1 Cor 14:5). In its spatial sense it denotes physical exteriority: Jesus tells the Pharisees to clean the 'outside' of the cup (Matt 23:26), and Paul speaks of sins 'outside' the body (1 Cor 6:18). The two senses split cleanly across languages: Spanish distinguishes 'excepto' from 'fuera de,' and Arabic separates exclusionary markers from spatial ones.