ἐκθαμβ-έω G1568
To be greatly amazed or alarmed; to experience a mixture of astonishment and distress
An intensified form of thambeo (to be amazed), this verb appears only in Mark's Gospel and carries a stronger emotional charge than simple surprise. When the crowd sees Jesus after the Transfiguration they are ekthambeisthai -- overwhelmed with awe (Mark 9:15). In Gethsemane, Jesus himself begins to be 'greatly distressed' (Mark 14:33), revealing that this word bridges amazement and anguish. The women at the empty tomb experience it as a blend of terror and wonder (Mark 16:5-6). French 'etre effraye' and Spanish 'asombrarse' each capture different registers of this intense reaction.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To be struck with intense amazement that may shade into alarm or distress, exceeding ordinary surprise. Exclusive to Mark, this verb captures overwhelming emotional reactions: the crowd's awe upon seeing Jesus descend from the mount (Mark 9:15), Jesus's own deep anguish in Gethsemane (Mark 14:33), and the women's terrified astonishment at the angel in the tomb (Mark 16:5-6). The translation range -- from spa 'asombrarse' (amazement) to fra 'etre effraye' (to be frightened) to deu 'entsetzt sein' (to be horrified) -- reflects the verb's spectrum from wonder to dread. 4×
AR["انْدَهَشْنَ", "تَعَجَّبُوا", "تَنْدَهِشْنَ", "يَنْدَهِشُ"]·ben["অবাক-হল", "বিস্মিত-হও", "বিস্মিত-হতে", "বিস্মিত-হলেন"]·DE["entsetzt-sein"]·EN["be-amazed", "they-were-amazed", "to-be-greatly-distressed", "were-amazed"]·FR["être-effrayé"]·heb["הִשְׁתּוֹמְמוּ", "לְ-הִשְׁתּוֹמֵם", "נִבְהֲלוּ", "תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵמוּ"]·HI["अचम्भित-होना", "चकित-हो", "चकित-हो-गईं", "चकित-हो-गए"]·ID["mereka-sangat-terkejut", "sangat-terkejut", "tercengang", "terkejut"]·IT["ekthambeisthai", "ekthambeisthe", "exethambethesan"]·jav["gumeter", "kaget", "sami-kaget"]·KO["놀라라", "놓람했다", "심히-놀라시고", "심히-놀랐다"]·PT["a-espantar-se", "ficaram-maravilhados"]·RU["изумилась", "ужасайтесь", "ужасаться", "ужаснулись"]·ES["a-asombrarse", "os-asombréis", "se-asombraron"]·SW["kushangazwa-sana", "shangae", "wakashangaa-sana", "walishangazwa-sana"]·TR["dehsete-düşmeye", "dehsete-düştüler", "dehsete-düşün", "şaşırdılar"]·urd["حیران-ہو-گئے", "حیران-ہونا", "گھبرا-گئیں", "گھبراؤ"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐκθαμβ-έω, to be amazed, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II transitive, amaze, astonish, LXX:—passive, NT+2nd c.AD+