διά-γνωσις G1233
decision, judicial hearing; formal examination or determination, especially in legal contexts
This term denotes the process of careful examination, discernment, or decision-making, particularly in judicial settings. Acts 25:21 uses it for Paul's case being reserved for the emperor's 'decision' or hearing. Classical Greek employed it for medical diagnosis, philosophical discernment, or determining value. The legal context dominates the New Testament usage, as reflected in the uniform judicial translations (decision, decisión, distinction).
Senses
1. sense 1 — A formal judicial hearing or imperial decision-making process. In Acts 25:21, Paul appeals to Caesar for the emperor's 'cognition'—the technical term (Latin cognitio) for imperial judicial review. This represents more than mere decision; it indicates thorough examination and authoritative determination. The translations recognize the legal-technical character of this term. 1×
AR["قَرَارِ"]·ben["নির্ণয়"]·DE["διάγνωσιν"]·EN["decision"]·FR["distinction"]·heb["הַכְרָעָה"]·HI["निर्णयके"]·ID["keputusan,"]·IT["conoscenza"]·jav["kaputusan,"]·KO["판결을"]·PT["decisão,"]·RU["решения"]·ES["decisión"]·SW["uamuzi"]·TR["kararına"]·urd["فیصلے"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)G2919 1. judge, pass judgment (76×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2917 1. judgment, condemnation (27×)G2919 2. be judged, stand trial (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
διά-γνωσις, εως, ἡ, distinguishing, τὴν δ. ποιεῖσθαι ὁποῖοι ἐκράτουν ἢ ἐκρατοῦντο Refs 5th c.BC+; means of distinguishing or discerning, Refs 5th c.BC+; of medical diagnosis, δ. ποιεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 power of discernment, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II resolving, deciding, δ. ποιεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τῆς ἀξίας ποιεῖσθαι to determine the value, Refs 5th c.BC+; = Latin cognitio, NT+2nd c.AD+; ἐπὶ διαγνώσεων τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ, = Latin a cognitionibus Augusti, Refs 3rd c.AD+